Red Hat Enterprise Linux KVM hypervisor I-O.pdf

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Red Hat Enterprise Linux
KVM Hypervisor I/O
Red Hat and IBM Demonstrate Top Virtualization
Performance with KVM on IBM's x3850X5
Khoa Huynh, Ph.D. - Linux Technology Center, IBM
Andrew Theurer - Linux Technology Center, IBM
Dor Laor - Senior Engineering Manager, Red Hat
Version 1.0
August 2012
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Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary........................................................................................ 1
2 Introduction...................................................................................................... 2
2.1 The KVM hypervisor......................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Red Hat
®
Enterprise Linux
®
6 Virtualization.................................................................... 3
2.3 IBM
®
System x
®
Servers.................................................................................................. 3
2.4 Motivation......................................................................................................................... 4
3 Test Setup....................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Test Hardware.................................................................................................................. 5
3.2 Workload........................................................................................................................... 5
3.3 KVM Configuration........................................................................................................... 7
4 Results............................................................................................................ 8
4.1 Single VM......................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Multiple VMs................................................................................................................... 11
5 Summary....................................................................................................... 15
Appendix A: References................................................................................... 16
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1 Executive Summary
The Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) hypervisor has earned a reputation as the highest
performing hypervisor in virtualization benchmarks, holding the top seven results in
SPECvirt_sc2010 [1] and recently achieving a leadership spot among x86-virtualized results
on SAP's 2-tier SD benchmark [2]. One of the key ingredients to this success is the KVM
hypervisor's ability to handle the high I/O rates required by enterprise workloads, such as
databases, ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems, and low-latency financial trading
applications, that are running in virtual machines.
This paper describes the test environment which is comprised of an IBM
®
System x3850 X5
host server with QLogic
®
QLE 256x Host Bus Adapters (HBAs), Red Hat
®
Enterprise Linux
®
6.3 hypervisor, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.3 guests. The test results validate that a
single KVM guest can handle more than 800,000 I/Os per second (IOPS) and four KVM
guests running on the same host can support an aggregate I/O rate of more than 1.4 million
IOPS – hitting the “bare-metal” limit of the test storage setup.
These
results show that KVM
can achieve the highest storage I/O performance in a virtualized environment and is ready for
the most demanding enterprise workloads.
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2 Introduction
2.1 The KVM hypervisor
A hypervisor is a specialized operating system that runs virtual machines instead of physical
applications. The Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) project represents the next generation
in open-source virtualization. KVM is fully integrated into the Linux operating system both as
a host and a guest. Unlike other hypervisors, KVM does not make any distinction between
running in either host or hypervisor mode. This duality in design has helped KVM to rapidly
mature into a stable, high-performing hypervisor, positioned to outperform any other
hypervisor available on the market today.
The first design principle includes the following:
•
•
Leverage all hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities provided by Intel
®
Virtualization Technology (VT) and AMD
®
Secure Virtual Machine (SVM).
Feature the latest hardware virtualization extensions, including:
•
Hardware nested paging (EPT/NPT)
•
Pause loop filtering
•
I/O off-load features, such as secure PCI pass-through using Intel VT-D or AMD
I/O Memory Management Unit (IOMMU)
Exploit hardware capabilities while keeping the KVM virtualization overhead to the
absolute minimum
•
The second design principle includes the following:
•
•
Leverage the Linux operating system
Fulfill the many components required by a hypervisor, such as memory management,
scheduler, I/O stack, and device drivers by reusing optimized, off-the-shelf Linux
implementations
The Linux kernel, with its 20 years of development, is the industry leader in terms of
performance and availability. The Linux process scheduler, for example, provides completely
fair scheduling (CFS) that is optimized to manage complex workloads and NUMA systems,
while offering low latency, high performance determinism, and fine-grained Service Level
Agreement (SLA) for applications. By placing the KVM hypervisor directly into the Linux
kernel, all of these services and advantages have a direct impact on the hypervisor
performance.
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