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ILLUSTRATED
F-86
supremacy
SABRE
Swept wing
Icons No 19
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NORTH AMERICAN F-86 SABRE
he development of the jet engine
represented a seminal period in the
history of aviation, but it took many
years for the jet engine to mature
into a truly viable means of propulsion. An
astonishing number of relatively primitive
jet-powered aircraft emerged in the years that
immediately followed World War Two, and
despite the remarkable potential of the jet
engine, it resulted in the creation of some
aircraft that were arguably no better than the
propeller-driven aircraft that they were
supposedly replacing. But there was one
exception to this trend, in the shape of North
T
American Aviation’s F-86 Sabre. Although it was
a relatively simple machine, powered by an
equally unsophisticated jet engine, it embraced
a completely new design concept – the swept
wing. It first emerged as a rather disappointing
naval fighter design with a fat, stubby fuselage
and a conventional straight wing. But when the
aircraft was redesigned to incorporate a swept
wing it became a completely different fighting
machine, with a top speed and a rate of climb
that few other aircraft could match. But even
this achievement would not have been enough
to ensure the Sabre’s place in history. It was the
Korean War that secured the Sabre’s legendary
status, providing the United States with a
machine that could take-on the mighty MiG-15
and win. The Sabre was a classic example of the
right design at precisely the right time.
Following the Korean War, the Sabre spread its
wings around the world, becoming the
“standard” fighter-bomber for many countries,
throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Ultimately, a
staggering 9,860 Sabres were manufactured,
and although the aircraft was retired from
operational use many years ago, it can still be
seen in civilian hands, thrilling air show crowds
across the globe, reminding spectators that the
Sabre was something special – arguably the first
“real” jet fighter. In this edition of the Aeroplane
Icons series, we take a look at the story of the
Sabre, and although space prohibits a thorough
examination of every aspect of this aircraft’s
very full history, the following pages present a
comprehensive celebration of a true icon.
Tim McLelland
Series Editor
tim.mclelland@keypublishing.com
CONTENTS
Chapter One
4 NAUTICAL FURY
The United States Navy’s new jet
captures the interest of the Army
Air Force, and the Sabre is born.
Chapter Two
24 FIGHTING FORCE
The Korean War begins and the
F-86 Sabre goes into battle
Chapter Three
44 BIGGER AND BETTER
North American Aviation develops
the Sabre design still further
Chapter Four
66 THE F 86 SABRE IN DETAIL
Chapter Five
86 GLOBAL ACCLAIM
The F-86 Sabre’s success is
exported around the world
Chapter Six
104 THE BRITISH INTERLUDE
The F-86 Sabre joins the ranks of
the Royal Air Force
For more than a century of aviation history and for further titles in this series, visit
(Photo: David Whitworth)
Editor
Tim McLelland.
Design and Layout
Paul Silk.
Publisher and Managing Director
Adrian Cox.
Executive Chairman
Richard Cox.
Commercial Director
Ann Saundry.
Distribution
Seymour Distribution Ltd +44 (0)20 7429 4000.
Printing
Warners (Midlands) PLC, The Maltings, Manor Lane, Bourne, Lincs PE10 9PH.
ISBN 978-1-909786-17-0
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Cover photo: Darren Harbar
Aeroplane Icons: F-86 SABRE
Published by
Key Publishing Ltd, PO Box 100, Stamford, Lincs PE19 1XQ.
Tel: +44 (0) 1780 755131. Fax: +44 (0) 1780 757261. Website:
www.keypublishing.com
F-86 SABRE
|
3
Fury
NAuticAl
The United States Navy’s
new jet captures the interest
of the Army Air Force, and
the Sabre is born.
A trio of FJ-1 Fury fighters from the Oakland
Naval Air reserve pictured high over San
Francisco during 1950.
(Photo: US Navy)
4
f-86 Sabre
A
lthough the F-86 Sabre is probably
best known as a key participant in the
Korean War, the origins of the Sabre’s
design can be traced back to World War Two,
when North American Aviation (NAA) first
proposed a jet-powered fighter for the
United States Navy, capable of supporting
the planned invasion of Japan that was
expected to take place in May 1946. Of
course the jet engine was still a relatively new
concept at that time, and the US Navy was
reluctant to invest too much support in just
this single project. Instead, the US Navy
looked at a variety of competing designs that
were proposed by various manufacturers,
resulting in some well-known early jets such
as the XF6U-1 Pirate and more exotic designs
such as Ryan’s FR-1 Fireball. North American’s
project (the NA-134) was drawn-up in 1944
and three prototypes were ordered for the US
Navy on 1 January 1945. The XFJ-1 was a
simple and unimaginative design with
straight wings and a single General Electric
J35 jet engine, fed by an intake than ran from
the nose under the cockpit. On 28 May an
order was placed for 100 production aircraft,
now designated by North American Aviation
as the NA-141. While production of the Navy’s
fighter got underway, North American’s
designers turned their attention to an
emerging requirement from the United
States Army Air Force (USAAF) for a new day
fighter, capable of performing escort fighter
missions and medium-range fighter-bomber
tasks. No specific performance requirements
were stipulated, other than a top speed of at
The fJ-1 fury was the aircraft from which the f-86 Sabre was derived. although visibly simple in terms of design, the
aircraft became a remarkably fast and agile machine, when its straight wings were replaced by a new swept-angle
design.
(Photo: US Navy)
least 600 mph. NAA proposed a derivative of
their NA-141, tailored to the needs of the
USAAF and this design (the NA-140) led to an
order (placed on 18 May 1945) for three
prototypes, designated as the XP-86 (at that
time the USAAF still referred to fighters as
“Pursuit” aircraft).
The two designs were expected to be
largely similar, but as the details of specific
Air Force and Navy requirements were
examined more carefully, changes were
made to both aircraft that were more than
superficial. Both designs retained the same
J35 engine and the same armament (three
0.50 calibre machine guns mounted on each
side of the aircraft’s forward fuselage), but
the naval aircraft had to be modified to
incorporate a stronger airframe structure
with tougher landing gear, designed to
withstand the stresses of carrier operations.
In stark contrast, the Air Force’s aircraft
incorporated a slimmer and lighter fuselage,
The bulky proportions of the fJ1’s fuselage
are emphasized by this view of the aircraft
in storage configuration, the nose wheel
replaced by a temporary “Jockey wheel”
that enabled the aircraft to be stacked in a
tail-high attitude inside carrier hangars,
without any need for wing folding.
(Photo: US Navy)
f-86 Sabre
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