Fonts for Greek Paleography - User's Manual by Juan José Marcos 2nd edn (2014).pdf

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F
ONTS FOR
G
REEK
P
ALEOGRAPHY
ANGULAR UNCIAL, BIBLICAL UNCIAL, COPTIC
UNCIAL, PAPYRUS UNCIAL, ROUND UNCIAL,
SLAVONIC UNCIAL, SLOPING UNCIAL,
MINUSCULE IX, MINUSCULE XI
and
MINUSCULE XV
User’s manual
2
nd
edition
January 2014
Juan-José Marcos
juanjmarcos@yahoo.es
Professor of Classics. Plasencia. (Cáceres). Spain.
Designer of fonts for ancient scripts and linguistics
ALPHABETUM Unicode font
http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/alphabet.html
PALEOGRAPHIC LATIN fonts
http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/palefont.html
PALEOGRAPHIC GREEK fonts
http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/palegreek.html
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION: FONTS FOR GREEK PALEOGRAPHY
(3-6)
Font package for Greek Paleography
Characteristics of the fonts
Price of the palaeographic set of fonts
Methods of payment
Suggestions and queries
FIRST PART: A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON GREEK PALEOGRAPHY
3
5
6
6
6
(7-60)
Preliminary advice
Styles of Greek handwriting
The papyrus period (Uncials)
•
Ptolemaic period
•
Roman period
•
Byzantine period
The vellum period (Uncials)
•
Biblical Uncial
•
Sloping Uncial
•
Coptic Uncial
•
Slavonic Uncial
The minuscule handwriting (Minuscules)
•
Codices Vetustissimi
•
Codices Vetusti
•
Codices Recentiores
•
Codices Novelli
SECOND PART: TECHNICAL INFORMATION
8
8
10
11
15
19
22
23
31
33
36
39
42
46
49
53
(61-71)
Unicode-encoded fonts
Private Use Areas
OpenType
•
Introduction
•
Mac and PC compatible
•
What is inside?
•
How to enable OpenType features in applications
•
OpenType features in Microsoft Word
•
OpenType features in Adobe InDesign
•
OpenType features in QuarkXPress
Paleographic fonts for Greek script
62
63
64
64
64
65
66
67
68
70
2
Juan-José Marcos juanjmarcos@yahoo.es
FONT PACKAGE FOR GREEK PALEOGRAPHY
The font package termed "Fonts for Greek Paleography" is a font package which
contains a total of 10 typefaces named
ANGULAR UNCIAL, BIBLICAL UNCIAL,
SLOPING UNCIAL, COPTIC UNCIAL, PAPYRUS UNCIAL, ROUND UNCIAL,
SLAVONIC UNCIAL, MINUSCULE IX, MINUSCULE XI
and
MINUSCULE XV
respectively.
As their names denote, these fonts are representative of the main styles of Greek
handwritings used during ancient times and Middle Ages.
These fonts belong to the category known as facsimile level and they are intended to
resemble the handwriting style of Medieval Greek scripts as appear in manuscripts.
The paleographic font package is a collection of fonts based on ancient and medieval
calligraphy which include specialty characters, abbreviations, ligatures and alternate
forms for some letters. These paleographic fonts can be used to represent medieval
manuscripts in a "semi-diplomatic" fashion. That is, an edited version of the manuscript
that preserves more features of the original document than is common in standard,
normalized, modern editions. They allow the preservation of many medieval features,
and can be used to help students become more familiar with medieval writing and
languages without the expense of purchasing semi-diplomatic editions or facsimiles of
manuscripts.
This collection of fonts is suitable for students and scholars of historical sciences as
well as desktop paleographical publishing. It may be of interest to students and
professionals dealing with paleography, linguistics and classical and medieval Greek.
Doubtless this is the most authentic and useful of font packages currently available to
medievalists.
As mentioned above, these fonts are based on medieval and ancient Greek lettering
styles. For this reason they may not include all the characters you may expect and, in
contrast, may include specialty characters (nomina
sacra,
ligatures etc) or strange
alternate forms for some letters. You can access those special characters present in the
fonts through programs which support OpenType features (Word 2010-2013, InDesign,
QuarkXpress, Mellel, Illustrator, TextEdit, Nisus Writer etc.) or by using a character
map (or even with the clumsy method of Insert/Symbol command) since they have
been assigned code points in the so-called Private Use Area of Unicode. Please read the
following pages for further details about signs present in the fonts and OpenType
issues.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The paleographic Greek fonts collection consists of 10 typefaces (Angular
Uncial,
Round Uncial, Papyrus Uncial, Biblical Uncial, Sloping Uncial, Coptic Uncial,
Slavonic Uncial, Minuscule IX, Minuscule XI
and
Minuscule XV)
closely based on
historical models with the right virtues of the original being kept in focus, all with a
solid grounding in type scholarship behind the effort, too.
Paleographic fonts for Greek script
3
Juan-José Marcos juanjmarcos@yahoo.es
A)=
Typefaces included in the Uncial class
use as a source of their design the
different Greek handwriting hands used from around the first century B.C. till the tenth
century A.D. approximately.
Here is a brief description of the different typefaces:
1.-
Handwriting on papyrus.
ANGULAR UNCIAL
is a digital replica of the handwriting employed in the
Bacchylides papyrus,
now preserved in the British Museum. The only evidence as to
the age of the manuscript is that afforded by the handwriting. Guided by this Dr
Kenyon assigns the
Bacchylides papyrus
to the first century B.C.
ROUND UNCIAL
is a close resemblance to the hand used in the so-named
Hawara
Homer,
a papyrus (now in the Bodleian Library in Oxford) from the second century
A.D. containing portions of the second book of the Homer’s Iliad.
PAPYRUS UNCIAL
closely follows the so-called P
66
which is a near complete
codex
of the Gospel of John and part of the collection known as the "Bodmer Papyri". It
is one of the oldest New Testament manuscripts known to exist, with its writing dated
to around 200 A.D.
2.-
Handwriting on parchment or vellum.
BIBLICAL UNCIAL
mimics the hand of the
Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis,
a Greek
and Latin diglot, which contains the four gospels and the Acts of the Apostles.
Following Scrivener, scholars universally dated it from the beginning of the sixth
century A.D., but there is a tendency now to place it a hundred years earlier. The
Cambridge University Library holds the manuscript.
SLOPING UNCIAL
is based on the lettering showed in the
Codex
Washingtonianus,
also called
The Freer Gospel,
which contains the four biblical
gospels and was written on vellum in the 4th or 5th century A.D.
COPTIC UNCIAL
reproduces the style of handwriting known as "Coptic", which
was used for Greek in some manuscripts such as the
Codex Marchalianus
(written in
Egypt around the sixth century A.D.) or the
Codex Vaticanus Borgianus
(sixth century
A.D.), for example.
SLAVONIC UNCIAL,
as its name denotes, imitates the style of handwriting known
as "Slavonic", (since the Slavs took most of their alphabet from it). This style
represents the late and final development of the Uncial Greek handwriting and was
employed in manuscripts like the
Codex Boreelianus
(ninth century A.D.).
Paleographic fonts for Greek script
4
Juan-José Marcos juanjmarcos@yahoo.es
2)=
Typefaces included in the Minuscule class
(MINUSCULE-IX,
MINUSCULE-XI
and
MINUSCULE-XV)
imitate the ordinary style of the Byzantine
manuscripts, being closer imitations of the different Greek minuscule handwritings
used from the ninth to the fifteenth century. These fonts contain the most common
ligatures. The most convenient way to access them is via OpenType features. Read
pages 61-71 for further details.
IMPORTANT THINGS TO NOTE:
1.- All the fonts are accompanied by their Roman counterpart matching the Greek face
as best as possible. See images below.
2.- The fonts are edit-embeddable to permit the creation of Adobe Acrobat documents
(PDF) and web pages with embedded fonts (the so-called "web-fonts": EOT, WOFF
and SVG formats).
3.- The digital typefaces may be purchased individually or all together.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FONTS
The paleographic fonts collection for Greek is a series of fonts covering a number of
codices and papyri from different ages.
The fonts are provided in Unicode-encoded TrueType or OpenType format. The
Windows and Mac versions of the fonts are cross-platform compatible. Therefore they
permit direct exchange of all their standard Unicode-encoded characters with any other
Unicode font containing those characters on either platform.
The paleographic font package contains the letters, breathing marks, accents and
other special characters necessary to reproduce the standard character form text of
codices and papyri.
Please note that most of the ancient codices or papyri do not show (display) diacritics
at all or seldom rarely, however, because many users may want to type the original
hand, but also display the breathing marks and accents, the fonts include these
diacritical marks.
Another useful feature is the inclusion of
nomina sacra,
since the fonts contain
extendible overstriking bars for creating titles and abbreviations occurring in most
manuscripts.
Hence with these fonts you can type faithful representations of the original hand of
important early codices or papyri with Unicode-encoded Greek fonts.
By using these fonts you can type text just as it was originally copied by its scribe.
The following pages show text samples written with these fonts.
Paleographic fonts for Greek script
5
Juan-José Marcos juanjmarcos@yahoo.es

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