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Guide to
Advanced Software Testing
Anne Mette Jonassen Hass
artechhouse.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-59693-285-2
Cover design by Yekaterina Ratner
© 2008 ARTECH HOUSE, INC.
685 Canton Street
Norwood, MA 02062
All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ-
ing photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have
been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this informa-
tion. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trade-
mark or service mark.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Foreword………… .....................................................................................
xv
Preface…….. .............................................................................................
xvii
A Guide to Advanced Testing
xix
I.1 Reading Guidelines ..............................................................................
xx
I.2 Certified Tester, Advanced Level ..........................................................
xx
I.2.1 This Book in Relation to the Syllabus
I.2.2 Ethics for Testers
I.3.1 Terms and Definitions in Testing
I.3.2 Testing Is Multidimensional
xxi
xxvi
xxvii
xxviii
I
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Listen
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Read
•
Think
•
Try
•
Discuss
•
Write
I.3 Software Testing Basics....................................................................
xxvii
I.3.3 Definition of Testing
xxix
Questions..... .............................................................................................
xxx
Appendix IA Vignettes ............................................................................
xxxi
1
Basic Aspects of Software Testing .............................................................. 1
1.1 Testing in the Software Life Cycle ........................................................ 1
1.1.1 Development Models
2
1.1.2 Dynamic Test Levels
8
1.1.3 Supporting Processes
16
1.2 Product Paradigms .............................................................................. 23
1.2.1 Systems of Systems
24
1.2.2 Safety-Critical Systems
25
1.3 Metrics and Measurement .................................................................. 28
1.3.1 Measuring in General
28
1.3.2 Test-Related Metrics
29
1.3.3 Analysis and Presentation of Measurements
31
1.3.4 Planning Measuring
31
Questions..... .............................................................................................. 31
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Testing Processes ....................................................................................... 33
2.1 Processes in General............................................................................ 34
2.1.1 The Concept of a Process
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2.1.2 Monitoring Processes
2.1.3 Processes Depend on Each Other
2.1.4 The Overall Generic Test Process
2.1.5 Other Testing Processes
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Contents
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2.2 Test Planning and Control .................................................................. 39
2.2.1 Input to Test Planning and Control
40
2.2.2 Documentation of Test Planning and Control
41
2.2.3 Activities in Test Planning
2.2.4 Activities in Test Control
2.2.5 Metrics for Test Planning and Control
2.3.1 Input to Test Analysis and Design
2.3.2 Documentation of Test Analysis and Design
2.3.3 Activities in Test Analysis and Design
2.3.4 Requirements
41
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2.3 Test Analysis and Design .................................................................... 50
2.3.5 Traceability
60
2.3.6 Metrics for Analysis and Design
61
2.4 Test Implementation and Execution .................................................. 61
2.4.1 Input to Test Implementation and Execution
62
2.4.2 Documentation of Test Implementation and Execution
62
2.4.3 Activities in Test Implementation and Execution
62
2.4.4 Metrics for Implementation and Execution
71
2.5 Evaluating Exit Criteria and Reporting .............................................. 71
2.5.1 Input to Test Progress and Completion Reporting
72
2.5.2 Documentation of Test Progress and Completion Reporting 72
2.5.3 Activities in Test Progress and Completion Reporting
72
2.5.4 Metrics for Progress and Completion Reporting
73
2.6 Test Closure ......................................................................................... 74
2.6.1 Input to Test Closure
74
2.6.2 Documentation of Test Closure
74
2.6.3 Activities in Test Closure
75
2.6.4 Metrics for Test Closure Activities
76
Questions..... .............................................................................................. 76
Contents
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3
Test Management ...................................................................................... 79
3.1 Business Value of Testing .................................................................... 79
3.1.1 Purpose of Testing
3.1.2 The Testing Business Case
80
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3.2 Test Management Documentation ..................................................... 85
3.2.1 Overview
85
3.2.2 Higher Management Documentation
86
3.2.3 Project Level Test Management Documentation
96
3.3 Test Estimation .................................................................................. 106
3.3.1 General Estimation Principles
106
3.3.2 Test Estimation Principles
3.3.3 The Estimation Process
3.3.4 Estimation Techniques
3.3.5 From Estimations to Plan and Back Again
3.3.6 Get Your Own Measurements
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3.4 Test Progress Monitoring and Control ............................................. 115
3.4.1 Collecting Data
116
3.4.2 Presenting the Measurements
116
3.4.3 Stay in Control
124
3.5 Testing and Risk ................................................................................ 125
3.5.1 Introduction to Risk-Based Testing
125
3.5.2 Risk Management
131
3.5.3 Risk Analysis
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3.5.4 Risk Mitigation
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Questions..... ............................................................................................ 147
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Test Techniques........................................................................................ 151
4.1 Specification-Based Techniques ....................................................... 152
4.1.1 Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis
152
4.1.2 Domain Analysis
160
4.1.3 Decision Tables
166
4.1.4 Cause-Effect Graph
169
4.1.5 State Transition Testing
173

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