021 WAR MACHINE.pdf

(50414 KB) Pobierz
Published by
Orbis
Publishino Ltd
@Aerospace
P"ublishjnq
Ltd
1984
Editorial
Offices
War
Machine
Aerospace
Publishinq Ltd
10
Barley
Mow
Pass-aoe
London
W4
4PH
of
difficulty wrire
to
the
adOiess
in
vil:
country given
for
binders. South
Afr.cr-
readers should add sales tax.
cover price from your Newsagent. ln cas:
South Africa,
Europe,
Malta and
N*
zeatandi
Back numbers
are
available
::
don
&
Gotch (Aus)
Ltd,
114
William
Stre::
PO tsox
767G, Melbourne,
Vic 3001.
Managing Editor:
Sran
Volume2
Editorial
:
Trisha Palmer
l\,4orse
Issue
2l
CONTENTS
Modern Assault Rifles
Steyr5,56-mmAUG
402
402
403
Chris Bishop
Chris Chant
Design:
Rod Teasdale
ColourOrigination:
lmago Publishing
Lrd,
Thame.
Oxon
Typesetting:
SX
Composinq
I
td
Film
work:
Precise
Liiho
Lt-d
Artists:
Frank Kennard
Chris
Rothero
Pierre Turner
26841
Printed
in
Great Britain
bvTheArtjsan
press
FAMAS
FNFAlandL,lAl
The
Infantry
Battle for the
Falklands
5.56-mm
Individual lVeapon (lW) XI?0E2
404
407
408
408
409
Ird
Ml6andM16Al
ArmaliteAR-i8
TheM16inAction
RugerMinr-14
V2,58
Ltd
23_Chandos
Street, St Leonards, NSW
2065. The bjnders supplied are
those
illus-
trated in the
maoazine
MAC!_IN_E
Binders, Gordbn
&
corch
(NZ)
I
td,
PO
Box
1594, Wellinoron.
South
Africa:
Binders
are Svailable
through
any,bra nch of Cent
ral
News Agency.
I
n
caie
ot
dif{;culty
write to
WAR
M"ACHtNE
Bin-
MACHINE
UK
&
Eire:
Send
a
cheque or
postal
Orc:.
l_ol
$-3
95 qgl
binder {inct p
&
p) payabte
::
Orbis
Publishing
Lrd
to WAh
MACHTN=
Brnders,
Orbis
House,
20-22 Bedfordbu.,
London
WC2N
4BT
Europe:
Write
with
remittance
of
f5.00
o=,
binder
iincl
p
&
p)
payable
to
Orbis
plr-
lrshrng
Itd
to
WAR
MACHINt
Binders
Orbrs House, 20-22 Bedfordbury, Londc-
WC2N
4BT.
Malta:
Binders
are
obtainable through
ycu-
local Newsagent, price
f3.95.
tn
c'ase
c,
drltrculty
wrire
ro
WAR MACHINE Bjnders
Miller
(Malta) Ltd,
M.A.
Vassalli
Slreet,
Va
.
letta,
Malta.
Australia:
Fordetails
of
howto
obtain
you:
binders
see
jnserts
in early issues or
w.ite
lo WAR^MACHINF Bindeis,
tirst
posr
pry
l_qry
to
obtain
binders
for
WAR
Distribution and marketinq
offices:
Orbis
Publishino Ltd
Orbis
House
20-22
Bedfordburv
London
WC2N
4BT
Telephone: 01-379
6111
New Zealandi
Binders are
available
th
rough your
local
Newsaqent
or
f
ro.
WAn
4r3
413
AK-47andAI0rl
The Assault Rifle in
Guenilla
Hands
4t4
415
Circulation Director:
David Breed
Marketing Director:
Michael
Joyce
WAR MACHINE
da $1.95
de'sj
Intermag,
PO Box 57394, Springfield
2137
AK-74
4t8
4r8
4r9
420
420
GalilurdR4
BerettaART0
Heckler
und Koch G3
Heckler
und Koch
Gl
I
flcg
utlsQp
rR
f
1.
Aus
$'
5A Hl.95.
Srngapore $4.50.
USA
ar^d
Ca.a-
9s.
NZ 52
2b.
How
to
obtain your
copies
of
WAR
MACHINE:
Copies are obta,nabte
by
ptac-
For
six months
(26 ,ssuest E23.g0: for one
Year
152
issues)
f47.60.
Send
vcLt- .:roer
and
remittance to
Punch
Subscrlo:ic-
Ser
v.ices,
W€tling
STreet,
Btetchrey
Vr'tor^
to
availabijity
ot
stocks.
Wl'ilst every.atterrot
is
made
io
keep the
price
of
the
jssues and oinders
constant,
o.b-tajnable
subject
Note:
Binders
and
Back Numbers
are
the publishers reserve the right
to
increase
Subscription Ratei
takjng out
a subscription.
ing a
regular order
at
your Newsageni.
or
by
Picture
acknowledgements
99v9Iphjrtocraph:
US-Army.
40t:
US
Army COt
402:
Srelr
vra
T.J.
Steyr
vra
T.J.
GIAT
vra
;1.4J{:.
'5^o!919!1
v:a
1.J
/School
of
In'artry
Warmrnsltrr Austrarran
Aimed forces.
404:
-uL/uuvuo.l
4o5:
coypress
Association. 406:
covcor.
40?;
School or
Infantry/covcol,
ltO:USAriny.
lit:-S
f,!fg[oo"lotlry1nt"rytuSdr-Force/S-c]o_otoJIntanrry.40g:USArny
-lass/-t\ssocrated Press/Assocrated PresvAssociated press.
4l?:
Associated press/Associ
==c
Press/Associated Press/Associated
presvAssociated
prLss.
4lg:
Duncan
MiyDrn"an
l,''
MARS
Lincs.
4lg:
Armscor/Beretta/Beretta/BerJtta
iiZbrT.l
nS
:r^ly-,u5,
+1ly1US-Army{IS_Army.
412:
_US
tumy4JS Army.
413:
Sihoot or Intanrry
T.1.
414:
- r:.)or,or
Inlanrryr666-",
Francolon
4ls: orbis
fublisl
'nqrDuncan
M.l.
416:
,qsso6iatea
Back Numbers
UK
&
Eire:
Back numbers are
obta;nable
lrom your
Newsaqent
or
,-c-
WAR
MACHINE Back Numbe.s, O.b.s
)-b
shirg
Limited.
2O-22 Bedf
ordourv.,o^dc-',n,
C2N
4BT
at cover
price.
Australia:
Bacl.
nurrbers a.e ro:a
^able
from WAR
MACHINE Back
Nl:rcers.
Gor_
state the number
of
the
f
irst issre"reouir-ed.
Keynes, Bucks MK2
2BW.
be.c
s-re
ro
cumstances
dictate.
Binders
depicted
in
this
publication
are
those
produced lor
the
UK
market only
and
may
not
necessarilv
be
,dentical
lo
binders produced
for
sale
ouls,de
the
UK. Binders and jssues may
be
subject
lo
import duty
and
/or
local
taies,
whi6h
sls
not
included
in lhe
above prices
unless stated.
the stated prices
at
any time when
cir
]H9
W$n
MACHINE puotished
by
Orbis
Publrshiqg
Ltd
nas no
connection
with
the
WAR MACHINE
pubtrshed
by
Em1ay.
The
latter is a
magazrne
devoted'to
computer
simulation gaming
and
further
information
and subscriptron details
can be
obtained
rrom
Emjay,
1
Park,
Nottjngham
NG5
58U, tngland.
/
Langbanr
Avenue,
Rise
i
p
f
ilodern
Assauff
Rifles
tun
of
the
cenfrtty,
and
largely
as
a result
of
expertence
gained
&tring
colonial
wars,
conventional
military
fitiln/ring
held
that
the
infantry
ifle
must
be
acalorate
at
long nnge,
Strangely,
the
relatively
short-range
fightingin
the trenches of
World
War
I
made
little
impact upon
prevailing
opinion. As a result of the
lessons
of
the
firctyeat's
Since
the
A
typicalVietnam
situation,
with
the
soldier
in
the
foreground keeping his
M
I
64
1
well
clear of
the
water.
He
is
:ti
\
of
WorldWat II,
howeve4
a
radical
re-appraisal of
infntry
doctrinewasrequfued.
The modern
assault
rifle
had
its roots
in
the
novel
art
of
combat analysis
(carried
out
by
the German army
after
1939)
coupled
with
ammunition
development
carried
out
by
the German concern
of Polte.
The combat
analysis
revealed
that
most
infantry combats took place
at
ranges
well
below
400
m
(435
yards),
yet
the standard infantry
rifle
of the day was
deslgned to perform at
ranqes
up
to
over
1000
m
(1,095
yards).
The
short-range combat
did
not
need such
a
powerful cartridge
as
the
existing rifles
so
the
Polte ammunitron developments
were
studied
to
reveal
a
potential cartridge
that
would be efficient
at
the short
range.
The resultant
cartridge produced
such
iow recoil
forces that automatic
fire from
a
hand-held rifle
was
possible,
and from this the
modern
assault
rrJle
was born.
The modern
assault
rifle
uses
a
cartrldge
that is
adequate
for
infantry
combat at ranges
up to
about
400m
(435
yards) but
no
more.
Most
of
these cartridqes
are
smaller and
lighter
than
conventional
rifle
car-
trldges, and can
thus
be fired
in fully
automatic
bursts to
provide
a
considerable
increase
in
fire
power over
single-shot weapons but
yet
can be used for aimed single-shot
fire
when
required,
Since
the
recotl
forces
are usually
relatively
low
the
construction
ofthe
assault
rrfle
need
not
be
very
robust,
with
consequent benefits in light
weight
and simpie
mass
production
methods. Por
all
that some
modern
assault
rifles
are
very
well
manufactured and are
very
robust, though others
follow
the
wearing bandoliers
of
7. 6
2
-mm
anmunition for
the section M60
machine-gun.
In
such
conditions the
light weight
and handiness of
the
modern
assault
rifle
came
to
the
fore.
sheet
steel and
stampings approach adopted
by
many
of the
later
sub-machine
gnrn
designs,
Tactically the
assault
rifle
has
had a considerable
impact,
A
single
infantry
fire
section
can
now
produce fire power
that
would have
been
inconceivable only
a
few
years ago and this had
led
to
the
fire saturatlon
tactics often employed to neutralize enemy
positions
and
movement,
Thus
the early promise
of
lighter
ammunition loads
for the laden
loot
soldier
has
been
replaced
by extra numerical
ioads
of
cartridge carried
on
the person.
But
now
a
relativeiy
small number
of
men can lay dovm
defensive
fire
to halt an
attack
yet
advance
rapidly firing bwsts
of
automatic
fire
to
overcome opposition;
in
both
cases the
expenditure
of
ammunition
can
be
considerable,
In
irregn:lar
or
grLrerrilla
hands
the
assault
rifle
is
a
formidable weapon capable
of
spraying fire over
a
lethal
radius
in
a
very
short
time
and then vanishing,
for
the
assault
rifle
is
a
relatively
small weapon
The assault
rifle
has
largely replaced
the
sub-machlne
gnrn,
for the
two
provide the
same
product
(automatic
fire
at
short ranqes
for
close-
quarter combat) yet
the
assault
rifle
can aiso
provide
useful
flre
at
ranges
up
to
400
m
(435 yards).
British infantry
with
their
L
I
A
I
s'de-bus'
Irom
their
FV432
armoured
personnel
carrier.
They
usually 'de-bus'
about
400 m
from
the
enemy
position.
=
=
3i&'5.56-mm
AUG
of
the
most
striking in
appear-
'bull-pup'
-:e
Steyr
AUG (Armee
Universal
3
,';ehr, or army
universal
rifle
or
gn:n)
:re
of
aII
the
assault
--:e
may almost
modern
to
have
a
rifles
'Star
be said
rt
=d
look
about
it,
It
is
a
,',-:rs
r11Em
weapon, with
the
trigger
giroup
:::;r-ard
of
the
magazine, which makes
-:
a short and compact weapon,
The
-:::oughly
modern appearance
is
en-
'arced
by
the
liberal
use of nylonite
--d
:e
barrel
and the
receiver with
the
:.:emal
mechantsm; even
the
receiver
'.
an
aluminium casting,
Ali
the mater-
-ai
are
very high quality
of
their
kind
b::i
the
non-use of
metal
has
been car-
::ed
even
as
far
as
the magazine
which
'.
clear plastic
so that
the soldier
can
see at
a
glance how many rounds the
other non-metailic materials
in
the
J,3:r.struction,
The only metal parts are
::agazine
contains,
::
be
not only an
assar:lt
rifle,
for
bY
-,'arying
the
barrel
length and
the
::-gs
on
top
of
the
receiver
it
can
be
::-argring the flttings on the receiver
The Steyr AUG
has
been deslgned
easily produced
as
a
carblne,
or
a
spe-
::al.ist
sniper, or
a
night-action
rifle, or
e;en
a form
of
light
machine-en:n,
By
:::e
AUG
can
be
fitted
with a
wide
sccpes,
but
the
usual
sight
is a
simple
:pical
telescope
with
a
grraticule
cali-
c:ated for
normal combat
ranges,
:::rge
of
nlght
sights
or sighting tele-
S=ppurg
the
AUGfor cleaningis rapid
=d
simple, and cleaning
is
facilitated
c;
dre use
ofa chromed
barrel
interior,
T:e
AUG
has
been
designed on
a
:-cduJar
system
so
repairs
can be east-
--'-
efected
by changing
an
entire mod-
:e
such
as the
trigger
group,
bolt
Above: The
standard
SteW
5.56-mm
AIIG showing
the
overall'bull-pup'
layout
and
the
optical
sight
over the
receiver.
The
weapon
has a
40'mm
MECAR rille
$enade
over the
muzzle,whichcan
be
fired
using
normal ammunition
to
a
range
of
about
I
00
m
;
HE, smoke
and
other
grenades
can
be used.
Production
of the
AUG began
in
-:lE.
and
since
that
date
the Steyr
pro-
::cion
l-rne
has
been kept
bttsY suP-
l--i':ig
the
Austrian army,
varlor:s
Mid-
:re
East states
and some
South
Amer-
-=r
armed forces,
Productton
is still
rell
under
way with
no
sigms
of
the
-arket
weakeninq, and the
AUG
-r€=rs
set for a
long
fuh:re.
Specification
SteS'r
AUG
(assault
rifle
version)
Calibre:
5,56
mm (0,22in)
feryth
790
mm
(31,i in)
I-ength
of barrel:
508
mm
(20.0
in)
?ieight
loaded:
4,09
kg
(9.02
lb)
Right:
ASteyr
5.56-mm
AUG
in
use
bY
anAustrian soldier.
Note
the
slender
barr
eI
with
the tlash-
suppres
sor
/
grenade
launcher, and
how the
folding
foregrip
is easy
to hold
and
use
IttaqEzine: 30-round
box
Rare
of 6re, cyclic:
650
rpm
useinpoorlight.
optical
sight
can be
replaced
bY
night
sights
or
image intensifiers
for
to'point'
theweaPon. The
x
I
FA
MAS
already been
issued
to
some
Para-
troop and specialist
units,
and
the
type
was used
by
French troops
in
Chad
andthe Lebanonin
1983.
TheFAMAS
is easy to spot, for
in
appearance
it
is
quite unllke any other
assault
dfle'
It
fires the
American Ml93
5,56-mm
car-
tridge
and
has
over the
top of
the re-
celver
a long handle that doubles
as
the
rear-
and fore-sight base, The
butt
is
prominent and chunky,
and
from the
front protrudes
a
short lengrth of
barrel
with
a
erenade{aunching
attachment.
The
F
rench
5.5
6
-mm FA
MA.S
rille,
one
of
the
smallest and
most
compact
of
the
modern
assault
ritles.
The magazine
has been
removed,
.:=
::
J
l:e
:
-i
MAS has
now
been
:::-::=i
a<
=e
statdard service
nlle
i::
-::
l:e:-::
armed
forces
and
thrs
=
:-:
x:-
kee-o
re
rveapon
comhg
of
--::
:::c:-::
l::res at
St
Etienne
for at
---=
-:.:!:
:::::
--
r'earS.
The
f,rSt
have
but note that
the
carrying handle
contains
thesights
and
thatthe
cocking lever is just
underneath;
note
also the
folded biPod legs.
FA
IYIAS
(continued)
Modern
Assault
Rifles
duced
by
the introduction
ofa
version
that
uses
a
small
sparklet
gas
cylinder
to
propel
rnert
pellets
for
target
train-
inq;
this
version
is
identical
to the fuIl
servrce version
in
every other respect,
MAS for
export
at
vadous defence ex-
hibitions but
the
production
prognam-
me for the
French armed forces
G
such
that it may
be
some
years before signi-
ncant numbers appear in
service with
other
nations,
Expected
to be
in
the
queue are the
various
ex-French
col-
onies who
still
look
to
France
for
equip-
ment
and
trauring,
Magazine: 2S-round
box
Rate
of fire,
ryclic:
900-I,OOO
rpm
ald
bipod
legs
are
pronded
as stan-
dard. The
ire
selector
has
three posi-
this
last
featwe is
housed
in
the butt
along
with the
rest of
the rather
com-
plex trigger
mechanism,
The
opera-
hon :s
a
delayed blow-back
syitem.
Use
is
made
of
plastics where possible
tions:
single-shot, automatic
and
three-
round
bust,
The
mechanism
to
control
Thgre
ts
provision for
a
small bayonet
Muzzle
velocity: 960m
second
(3,
150ft; per
The French
have
dffered
the
FA
and
detail
finish: for
instance,
the
steel bar-
rel
is
not chromed,
Despite its
unusual
appearance the
FA
MAS is cornfortable to handle and
flre, and
presents no
particular prob-
lems ln use, Attentton
has
been
given
to such feahrres
as
gnenade
sights
and
generally
easy
sighting, In service the
weapon
has
proved
to
be
easy
to
hand-
le,
and training
costs have
be'en re-
BELGIUM/UK
!o
particular attention is
paid
to
Specification
Calibre:
5,56
mm (0.22in)
Length:
757
mm
(29,80
in)
Lengrth
of barrel:
4BB
mm
(19,21
rn)
Weight loaded:
4,025
ks
(8.87
lb)
An
FA MAS
fitted
with
a
TN
2l
night
sighting
infra- red spotlighi
uniler
themuzzle.
This
equipmenthas
a
useful
range of
I
50
m,
and
the
soldier
picks
up
the
infra-red
reflec
tions
in
the
nigh
t
vis
ion
binoculars
held
over
his eyes.
This
equipment
is
in
sewice
with
the
Frencharmy.
FN
FAt
and
Produced
by
the Belqian concern of
Fabrique
Nationale,
or
FN, the
rifle
now known
as
the Fusil
Automatigue
Legdre (FAL,
or light
automatic
rifle)
was originally produced
in
1948.
At
that tlme the prototypes
fired
the Ger-
man
7,92-mmx33
kurz
(short)
car-
tndge but later
attempts
at
NATO
tlAl
As
such
ammunition standardization
meant that
the
FAL
was
eventually chambered
for
the
standard 7,62-mmx51
cartrrdge.
adopted,
not only
throughout
NATO
but
rn
many
other
nation$,
and
has
even
been
licence-produced
by
na-
tions as diverse as
South
Afrlca
and
Mexico. Many
of these overseas
pro-
original
FAL
but the overall appear-
duction models differ
in
detail
from
the
ance is the
same,
The
FAL
is
a
shrdy
weapon
which
it
has
since been
widely
that
prshes back the-bolt
action for
unlocking the breech. The unlocking
system has
a delay action bultt
in foi
possible on
most
models
by
use of
a
selector
mechamsm
located near
the
methods
ofa
byqone
era. High-gnade
matedals are
used
throughout, and ex-
tensive use
is
made of machining and
fine
tolerances, The action
is
gas-
operated, usinq a
gas regmlation
sys-
tem that
taps
offpropellant
gases
from
above the
barrel
to operaie a
piston
uses many
of the
manufacturing
tncreased safety. Automatic
fire
is
trigger
gnoup.
of
the FAL, for the high manufacturing
standards have
resulted
in
a weapon
forces, have
foldinq butts
that
are
far
shlrdier
than many
other folding
butts
in
use.
Overall, stwdiness
is
a
fbatr:re
butts and other furniture
but
some
models, usually issued
to
airborne
FAL
models
are
many and
various,
Most have
solid
wooden
or
nylonite
:
A
British
L
I
A
I,
the
standard
British
infantry
weapon;
centre: the
FN
FAL
with
a shortened
haftel;
bottom:
an
Argentinian
FN
FAL
with
folding
butt.
Note
the
overcll
similarity
of
all
these
weapons ;
the
bottom
two
can
fire
on
full
automatic,
Top
unliketheLIAl.
designation
LlAl,
The
LlAI
was
adopted
by
the
British armed
forces
nodiications
that resulted
in
the eli-
service
life.
One
production version
of
the
FAL
that
deserves
further
mention
is
the
BntLsh
version, known
by
its service
only after
a lengrthy
series
of
trials and
well able
to withstand the rigours of
ilaation
of
the
automatic
fire
feature.
re
LlAl
;';ell, but the
thus
firing
single-shot
only,
are
some
other
drfferences
as
-nere
adopted
by
many
other
natiors,
in-
LiAI
itself
has been
Bayonets can also
be fltted
and some
versions
ofthe
FAL
have heavy
barrels
and bipods to enable them to be used
as
light
machine-gnrns.
Night
sights
are
another optional fitting,
Although
the
7.62-mm
FAL
is
still in
productron,
the
trend
is
now towards
a
5,56-mm
version and a new model in
thrs
calibre
is
now
in
production
as
the
FNC,
Both
the FAL and the
LlAl
are
equipped
to fire rifle
grenades, but
these grenades
are now
little
used,
shorter verslon,
the
LlAl-Fl,
to
suit
the
stature
ofthe
New
Guinea
troops,
Lengrth:
1143
mm
(45,0
in)
Length
of barrel:
554
mm
(21,81
in)
Magazine:
2O-round
box
!,ate of
fire:
30-40
rpm
(single
shor)
or
-cvclic)
-
650-700
rpm
(FAL,
Weight loaded:
5
ks (il,0
ib)
:-::ding
India
where
the
type
is
still in
also
a:trpted
the
type
and even
produced
a
cr:duction,
The Australians
Specification
Calibre:
7,62
mm
(0.3
in)
Muzzle
velocity:
B36m
(Z,ZSOft;
per
second
produced atLithgow
inNew Soxlt
Wales. The
Australians
also
produced
a
short
version
calld.
the
L
I
A
1
-F
1
{or
use
by
lxal
t@ps
in
New Guinea. They
also
use
the
M
)
6Al.
Au
s
tr
alia n
inlan
trym en
wi
th
theit
locally-produced
version
of
the
B
ritish
L
I
A
1
; thes e
rilles were
h,

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin