Self-Study Programme 230 Motor vehicle exhaust emissions.pdf

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Service.
Self-Study Programme 230
Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions
Composition, emission control, standards, etc.
Basics
The exhaust emissions of various engines, sys-
tems and vehicles are mentioned and analysed
in training documents more often now. The Lupo
3L TDI in particular reflects the topic’s relevance
to the modern day, and has shown that not only
legislators are pushing forward development but
also the car industry, in particular Volkswagen
AG.
The environmental policy debate on the automo-
bile of the next millennium will centre on three
topics:
●
Exhaust emissions
●
Fuel consumption
●
Noise emission
In this Self-Study Programme, therefore, we will
provide you with detailed information about
motor vehicle exhaust emissions.
In addition to automotive technology, this SSP will
contain further information on such subjects as
measuring methods and standards.
The standards and laws laid down by the
government are changing continuously. We will
inform you about the latest developments in
supplementary training documents.
230_002
The data specified in this Self-Study Programme, referred to the growth in
private cars and freight transport, as well as fuel consumption in the Federal Republic of Ger-
many, reflect the trends that are already apparent in other European countries.
New
Important
Note
This Self-Study Programme explains
the design and function of new devel-
opments.
Please always refer to the relevant Service Liter-
ature for all inspection, adjustment and repair
instructions.
2
Table of Contents
Traffic growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Mobile and flexible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Private transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Freight transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Exhaust gas components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Development of composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Emission control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Reduction in consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Exhaust gas treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Performance check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Measurement methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Driving cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Standards and taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Standards on exhaust emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Tax assistance in Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Test your knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
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Traffic growth
Mobile and flexible
The car has becomes more and more important.
It is now a key factor in the "quality of life". It
gives us personal mobility and sometimes
expresses our social standing. On the other
hand, it has also become a tool which we use to
carry out everyday things.
It gives people the advantages of flexibility and
locational freedom.
Registered vehicles
(Germany)
Million
230_016
41.7
Cars
36.8
1.9
1991
Trucks, buses, etc.
2.6
1998
Fuel consumption of private cars and
freight transport (Germany)
Billion
ltrs
Similar requirements are also resulting in an
increase in road freight transport.
Today, goods need to be transported and sup-
plied just-in-time. Also, the road still offers the
most flexible infrastructure despite its heavy use.
However, the interaction between the motor vehi-
cle and the environment has become an increas-
ingly important consideration.
Therefore, the onus is on the car industry to
counteract the growing volume of traffic by
developing new products in ever quicker succes-
sion. It will be necessary to continue to reduce
globally the emission of environmentally toxic
exhaust gas constituents in future.
230_013
47.5
48.7
47.7
47.7
47.6
40
30
20
15.5
10
16.6
18.7
19.5
20.6
0
1991
1993
Private cars
1995
1997
1998
Freight transport
Private cars
1991-1998
Freight transport
1991-1998
The comparison between registrations
and fuel consumption with regard to
private cars shows that fuel consump-
tion has only risen minimally even
though the number of registrations is
rising.
+30%
+20%
Registrations
Consumption
Registrations
Consumption
+10%
+13.3%
+0.2%
+36.8%
+32.9%
0%
230_029
4
Private cars
As mentioned already, the motor vehicle stock is growing constantly. In 1996, every second person in
Germany owned a car.
This development has prompted legislators to by set more stringent standards and tax laws as an
incentive for the car industry and consumers alike to develop and buy more environmentally-friendly
products.
Mileage of passenger cars (in km)
(Federal Republic of Germany)
Billion km
528.0
496.4
230_014
1991
1998
Freight transport
Road freight transport is also growing constantly and is still taking market share away from other means
of transport. In 1998, the competing transport modes (rail and shipping) had a share of only 29% in total
freight traffic volume, compared with a share of 67% by road freight transport. In this sector, too, there is
a need for eco-friendly developments.
Mileage of road freight transport (trucks, buses, etc.)(in km)
(Federal Republic of Germany)
Billion km
73.2
55.7
230_015
1991
1998
With regard to private transport, consumption figures have risen by only 0.2% even though
mileage has risen by 6%.
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