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Cisco − Windows Networking Design Implementation Guide
Table of Contents
Windows Networking Design Implementation Guide.....................................................................................1
Document ID: 10624
................................................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................2
Before You Begin................................................................................................................................................2
Conventions............................................................................................................................................2
Prerequisites............................................................................................................................................2
Components Used...................................................................................................................................2
What Is Windows Networking?...........................................................................................................................3
Domains versus Workgroups..................................................................................................................3
What Protocol Does It Use?.................................................................................................................................3
Dynamic IP Addressing.......................................................................................................................................4
What Is DHCP?
.......................................................................................................................................4
DHCP Scopes.........................................................................................................................................4
DHCP Relay...........................................................................................................................................4
DHCP Options........................................................................................................................................5
Cisco DHCP Servers...............................................................................................................................5
Name Resolution..................................................................................................................................................6
NetBIOS Name Cache............................................................................................................................6
IP Subnet Broadcasts..............................................................................................................................6
LMHOSTS..............................................................................................................................................6
Windows Internet Name Service............................................................................................................6
Internet DNS...........................................................................................................................................7
Name Lookup Order...............................................................................................................................7
The Microsoft LAN Services Browser................................................................................................................8
NetBIOS Names
......................................................................................................................................8
The Startup Process
...............................................................................................................................10
Finding a Computer..............................................................................................................................10
Viewing the Network Neighborhood....................................................................................................11
Subnet Browsing...................................................................................................................................11
Broadcast Browsing across Subnets.....................................................................................................11
Browsing Any Domain with WINS......................................................................................................12
Turning Off Broadcasts
.........................................................................................................................12
Scaling to Larger Networks...............................................................................................................................13
Trusted Domains...................................................................................................................................13
Single Domain......................................................................................................................................13
Global Trust..........................................................................................................................................13
Master Domain
......................................................................................................................................13
Multiple Master Domains.....................................................................................................................13
Replicating WINS.................................................................................................................................13
Modem Access...................................................................................................................................................14
Dial−on−Demand Routing.................................................................................................................................15
ISDN Access......................................................................................................................................................17
Adtran...................................................................................................................................................17
Motorola BitSURFR.............................................................................................................................17
Client Software..................................................................................................................................................18
CiscoRemote Lite.................................................................................................................................18
Examples............................................................................................................................................................18
Example 1.............................................................................................................................................18
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Cisco − Windows Networking Design Implementation Guide
Table of Contents
Windows Networking Design Implementation Guide
Configuration of Cisco 4700 Router.....................................................................................................19
Configuration of Cisco 2511 Access Server.........................................................................................19
Example 2.............................................................................................................................................20
Example 3.............................................................................................................................................23
Example 4.............................................................................................................................................25
Appendix A: Turning Off Broadcast Name Resolution....................................................................................25
When Using Windows for Workgroups 3.11.......................................................................................25
Windows 95/98.....................................................................................................................................25
Windows NT 3.51.................................................................................................................................26
Windows NT Registry Entries..............................................................................................................26
Finding Rogue Browse Masters............................................................................................................26
Appendix B: Configuring DNS Resolution of WINS Names...........................................................................26
The DNS Boot File...............................................................................................................................27
The DNS File for domain.com
..............................................................................................................27
Related Information...........................................................................................................................................27
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Windows Networking Design Implementation
Guide
Document ID: 10624
Introduction
Before You Begin
Conventions
Prerequisites
Components Used
What Is Windows Networking?
Domains versus Workgroups
What Protocol Does It Use?
Dynamic IP Addressing
What Is DHCP?
DHCP Scopes
DHCP Relay
DHCP Options
Cisco DHCP Servers
Name Resolution
NetBIOS Name Cache
IP Subnet Broadcasts
LMHOSTS
Windows Internet Name Service
Internet DNS
Name Lookup Order
The Microsoft LAN Services Browser
NetBIOS Names
The Startup Process
Finding a Computer
Viewing the Network Neighborhood
Subnet Browsing
Broadcast Browsing across Subnets
Browsing Any Domain with WINS
Turning Off Broadcasts
Scaling to Larger Networks
Trusted Domains
Single Domain
Global Trust
Master Domain
Multiple Master Domains
Replicating WINS
Modem Access
Dial−on−Demand Routing
ISDN Access
Adtran
Motorola BitSURFR
Client Software
CiscoRemote Lite
Examples
Cisco − Windows Networking Design Implementation Guide
Example 1
Configuration of Cisco 4700 Router
Configuration of Cisco 2511 Access Server
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Appendix A: Turning Off Broadcast Name Resolution
When Using Windows for Workgroups 3.11
Windows 95/98
Windows NT 3.51
Windows NT Registry Entries
Finding Rogue Browse Masters
Appendix B: Configuring DNS Resolution of WINS Names
The DNS Boot File
The DNS File for domain.com
Related Information
Introduction
The term "networking" covers a broad range of technologies, which, combined together, allow computers to
share information. Networking components can be segmented into end−system applications, network
operating systems, and networking equipment.
A network operating system is software run on all interconnected systems. Examples include Novell NetWare,
Sun's NFS (Network File System), AppleShare, and Microsoft's implementation of a network operating
system commonly called Windows Networking. Windows Networking is now extensively deployed with
millions of nodes.
This design guide explains the basic concepts of Windows Networking and provides insight on how to design
networks (LANs and WANs) to best utilize this operating system. The guide also explains protocols, naming,
and scaling issues associated with Windows Networking.
Before You Begin
Conventions
For more information on document conventions, see the Cisco Technical Tips Conventions.
Prerequisites
There are no specific prerequisites for this document.
Components Used
This document is not restricted to specific software and hardware versions.
The information presented in this document was created from devices in a specific lab environment. All of the
devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If you are working in a live
network, ensure that you understand the potential impact of any command before using it.
Cisco − Windows Networking Design Implementation Guide
What Is Windows Networking?
Windows Networking refers to the networking system shared by the software that comes with all the
following Microsoft operating systems or servers:
•
Microsoft LAN Manager
•
MS−DOS with LAN Manager client
•
Windows for Workgroups
•
Windows 95, 98, and ME
•
Windows NT and 2000
Microsoft LAN Manager, the LAN Manager client for MS−DOS, and Windows NT 3.1 are not discussed in
this document except in an historical context.
Domains versus Workgroups
Windows Networking has three concepts of a group of related computers− workgroups, domains and a
domain hierarchy. Workgroups can be any logical collection of computers; any computer on the network can
join an existing workgroup or create a new one. More formal entities, domains are created and managed by a
primary domain controller (PDC) process that runs on a Windows NT or Windows 2000 server. A domain has
security and administrative properties that a workgroup does not. Each domain must have at least one NT or
2000 server, which is responsible for the PDC process, user account information in the domain, and security
within the domain. Windows Networking domains are not the same as Internet domain names as used by the
Domain Name System (DNS). A domain hierarchy or Active Directory Hierarchy is a collection of domains
organized into parent−child relationships. This convention, introduced with Windows 2000, enables easier
searching through multiple domains in a single query (among other things). This hierarchy maps closely to a
DNS namespace.
What Protocol Does It Use?
Prior to Windows 2000, Windows Networking used the NetBIOS protocol for file sharing, printer sharing,
messaging, authentication, and name resolution. A pure Windows 2000 installation would require NetBIOS
only for interoperability with earlier versions of Windows Networking using the flat NetBIOS namespace.
NetBIOS is a session−layer protocol that can run on any of the following transport protocols:
•
NetBEUI (NetBIOS over LLC2)
•
NWLink (NetBIOS over Internetwork Packet Exchange [IPX])
•
NetBIOS over TCP (NBT)
Although Microsoft recommends that clients use only one transport protocol at a time for maximum
performance, this setup is only the default for Windows 2000. You should pick a protocol to use for your
entire network, preferably TCP/IP, and then turn the other protocols off because the NetBIOS name service
maintains information about computer names (a name space) separately for each transport. Name spaces do
not interact with each other; each transport operates as a separate network.
NetBEUI (NetBIOS over LLC2) is the least scalable of the three protocols because it must be bridged.
NetBEUI is included only to support very old services (for example, old versions of LAN Manager). NetBEUI
does not require any client address configuration. There is no fixed limit to the number of Windows clients
can have with NetBEUI, but it is common for this solution to run into performance problems as the number of
clients in a single bridge group goes above 50 to 100 users. The flat topology and reliance on broadcasts does
not scale, especially when traffic must traverse a WAN link.
Cisco − Windows Networking Design Implementation Guide

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