Aerospace America - December 2014.pdf

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December 2014
2014
IN
REVIEW
Questioning conventional
wisdom after Antares,
Virgin Galactic/Page
4
A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
TWO BAD DAYS
31 AUGUST – 2 SEPTEMBER 2015
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA
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technical conferences with insights from respected
leaders, providing a single, integrated forum for
navigating the key challenges and opportunities
affecting the future direction of global space policy,
capabilities, planning, research and development,
funding, security, environmental issues, and
international markets.
1. Bringing together almost 1,000 participants from
more than 300 institutions in 20 countries, AIAA
SPACE 2015 is the place to engage with colleagues
within your discipline and to interact with experts
in other disciplines.
2. When you present your work at AIAA SPACE
2015, your paper will be archived in AIAA’s
Aerospace Research Central (ARC), where it will
gain exposure to more than 2 million visitors each
year from more than 200 countries around the
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3. When you submit an ITAR-restricted paper, you
are participating in the ITAR program, as well as
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4. Your paper may be considered for publication in
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Propulsion Laboratory
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15-526
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December 2014
Page 45
Page 65
EDITOR’S NOTEBOOK
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
With the industry eager to understand and move beyond two launch failures
in a matter of days, Teal Group analyst Marco Cáceres examines the strategies
that brought the industry to this point.
by Marco Cáceres
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3
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Page 39
TWO BAD DAYS
OUT OF THE PAST
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
78
80
THE YEAR IN REVIEW
The most important developments as described by AIAA’s Technical and Program
Committees
Adaptive Structures
Aeroacoustics
Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems
Aerospace Power Systems
Air Transportation Systems
Air-Breathing Propulsion Systems
Integration
Aircraft Design
Aircraft Operations
Applied Aerodynamics
Astrodynamics
Atmospheric and Space Environments
Atmospheric Flight Mechanics
Communications Systems
Computer Systems
Design Engineering
Digital Avionics
Electric Propulsion
Flight Testing
Fluid Dynamics
Gas Turbine Engines
Green Engineering
Ground Testing
Guidance, Navigation, and Control
High-Speed Air-Breathing Propulsion
History
Hybrid Rockets
HyTASP
Intelligent Systems
Legal Aspects
Life Sciences and Systems
Lighter-Than-Air Systems
Liquid Propulsion
Management
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30
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Meshing, Visualization
and Computational Environments
Microgravity and Space Processes
Missile Systems
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization
Non-Deterministic Approaches
Nuclear and Future Flight Propulsion
Plasmadynamics and Lasers
Pressure Gain Combustion
Product Support
Propellants and Combustion
Reusable Launch Vehicles
Sensor Systems
Software
Solid Rockets
Space Architecture
Space Automation and Robotics
Space Colonization
Space Environmental Systems
Space Exploration
Space Operations and Support
Space Resources
Space Systems
Space Tethers
Space Transportation
Spacecraft Structures
Structural Dynamics
Structures
Survivability
Thermophysics
Transformational Flight
V/STOL
Weapon System Effectiveness
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BULLETIN
AIAA Meeting Schedule
AIAA News
B2
B5
Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X) is published monthly by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. at 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Va. 20191-4344 [703/264-7500].
Subscription rate is 50% of dues for AIAA members (and is not deductible therefrom). Nonmember subscription price: U.S., $200; foreign, $220. Single copies $20 each.
Postmaster: Send
address changes and subscription orders to address above, attention AIAA Customer Service, 703/264-7500.
Periodical postage paid at Herndon, Va., and at additional mailing offices.
Copyright 2014 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., all rights reserved. The name Aerospace America is registered by the AIAA in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
40,000 copies of this issue printed. This is Volume 52, No. 11
®
is a publication of the American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics
Editor’s
Notebook
Ben Iannotta
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Wittman
Associate Editor
Greg Wilson
Production Editor
Jerry Grey
Editor-at-Large
Christine Williams
Editor AIAA Bulletin
Contributing Writers
Marco Cáceres, Robert van der Linden,
Frank H. Winter
Jane Fitzgerald
Art Direction and Design
James F. Albaugh,
President
Sandra H. Magnus,
Publisher
Craig Byl,
Manufacturing and Distribution
STEERING COMMITTEE
Steven E. Gorrell,
Brigham Young University;
David R. Riley,
Boeing;
Mary L. Snitch,
Lockheed Martin;
Vigor Yang,
Georgia
Institute of Technology;
Annalisa Weigel,
Fairmont Consulting Group;
Susan X. Ying
EDITORIAL BOARD
Ned Allen, Jean-Michel Contant,
Eugene Covert, L.S. “Skip” Fletcher,
Michael Francis, Cam Martin,
Don Richardson, Douglas Yazell
ADVERTISING
Joan Daly,
703-938-5907
joan@dalyllc.com
Pat Walker,
415-387-7593
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LETTERS AND CORRESPONDENCE
Ben Iannotta,
beni@aiaa.org
QUESTIONS AND ADDRESS CHANGES
custserv@aiaa.org
ADVERTISING MATERIALS
Craig Byl,
craigb@aiaa.org
December 2014, Vol. 52, No. 11
Finishing strong in 2014
I’ve never seen a period richer with emotions for space exploration and adven-
ture enthusiasts than the closing weeks of 2014. There were the cries of awe
and fright from onlookers when an unmanned Antares rocket exploded. Then
came the soul-rattling loss of SpaceShipTwo, followed by the hugs of joy in a
European Space Agency control room with confirmation that the Philae space-
craft had touched down on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
These events are good reminders that when we go to space, we learn things
about ourselves and our societies. Whether there are people aboard or robots with
cameras, space missions are always human endeavors. Each success or loss changes
us and hopefully strengthens us.
Richard Branson sounded visibly shaken when he appeared at a televised
press briefing at Mojave, California, after the death of SpaceShipTwo co-pilot
Michael Alsbury. “We would love to finish what we started some years ago,”
Branson said in a subdued voice. There was a tone of doubt about the future,
but it was short-lived. A week later, Virgin Galactic posted a statement saying
that among the condolences pouring in were requests to “take courage” from the
accident. The company said it would do so by continuing work on the second
SpaceShipTwo with “heightened resolve.”
For sure, Branson and Virgin Galactic’s prospective customers will never look at
their endeavor the same way. They will have a heightened sense of the human risks
that might always be inherent in riding a rocket to the fringes of space and back.
In the case of the comet landing, the images of the descent taken from the Ro-
setta spacecraft and those taken by the Philae lander were astounding. The scale of
the media coverage should answer the questions about whether humanity can get
excited about robotic missions. The answer is a resounding yes. Studying a comet in
situ, even if only for a short while, is an amazing achievement. Europe can now as-
sess the landing technologies and possibly improve them. Those planning similarly
bold missions can make their cases with greater confidence.
Not all the lessons from the Philae mission were quite so cosmic. Project scien-
tist Matt Taylor publicly apologized for wearing a shirt covered with drawings of
scantily clad women. The shirt was, as Taylor put it, a “big mistake.” It offended
women and should offend men who see the value in a fully respectful workplace.
Taylor seemed genuinely contrite about this teachable moment in what remains an
impressive triumph for the European Space Agency and its partners.
Onward and upward.
Ben Iannotta
Editor-in-Chief
Letter
to the Editor
More to say about biofuels
It is indeed heartening that new syn-
thetic paths to precursors for biofuels
are being developed [“Biofuels
now,”
October, page 30
].
Unfortunately, these articles
never delve into the question of how
much net energy is being produced
from biomass. Beyond the costly
growing and harvesting of plant ma-
terial, each process has to dehydrate
or separate from the fermentation
broth the alcohols from the rector
slurry. Getting the alcohol (particu-
larly ethanol) from water is an en-
ergy-intensive step. Ethanol in the
U.S. is the most heavily subsidized
fuel and would not stand by itself if it
were not supported by tax credits.
The moral question of using an edible
plant material or waste to produce jet
or car fuels when people in the world
are starving is something that doesn’t
appear to be addressed either.
When we can use the bagasse or
inedible grasses as feedstock, then I
will get excited. Until then, using
coal as the feedstock is the most
tried-and-true method we have, in-
cluding processes for CO2 capture
during the generation of clean liquid
fuels. That research was done in the
‘70s (Project Independence) and
tested with Air Force aircraft.
Raymond F. Maddalone
Fishers, Indiana
rfmaddalone@comcast.net
Correction
The graphic accompanying the article
“Biofuels
now”
[October,
page 33]
con-
tained an inaccurate rendering of a
farnesene molecule. We’ve updated
the online edition of the magazine
with the correct molecule.
QQQ
An illustration accompanying the Anal-
ysis article “Commercial
Crew Insights”
[November,
page 19]
incorrectly high-
lighted one of the proposed vehicles
as a winner in NASA’s Commercial
Crew program. The winning vehicles
were Boeing’s CST-100 and SpaceX’s
Dragon v2. The error has been cor-
rected in the digital edition.
All letters addressed to the editor are considered to be submitted for possible publication,
unless it is expressly stated otherwise. All letters are subject to editing for length and
to author response. Letters should be sent to: Correspondence, Aerospace America,
1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344, or by email to: beni@aiaa.org.
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AEROSPACE AMERICA/DECEMBER 2014
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