Chen Tuan - Discussions and Translations by Livia Kohn (2001).pdf

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Chen Tuan: Discussions and Translations
Table of Contents
CHEN TUAN: DISCUSSIONS AND TRANSLATIONS.....................................................1
Discussion 1 The Immortal and his Legend
...........................................................................3
Saints and Saints−Legends
.............................................................................................4
Sage, Immortal, Founder, Patriarch...............................................................................5
Chen Tuan in Song Sources...........................................................................................7
Later Legend Lineages.................................................................................................13
Integrating the Strands.................................................................................................15
Discussion Two Physiognomy and Legitimation.................................................................19
Practical Application....................................................................................................21
Chen Tuan in Physiognomic Texts..............................................................................24
Traditional Textbooks..................................................................................................26
Chen Tuan’s Authorship..............................................................................................28
Physiognomic Theory..................................................................................................29
Bone Structure and Complexion..................................................................................32
The Voice and the Eyes
................................................................................................33
Discussion Three The Official Face of Chen Tuan.............................................................36
The Myth of the Imperial Adviser...............................................................................37
.
Chen Tuan and the Imperial Court...............................................................................40
Historical Encounters...................................................................................................43
Later Evaluations and Embellishments........................................................................46
The “Record of Master Xiyi of the Great Hua”...........................................................49
Translation One Lishi zhenxian tidao tongjian 47.1a−14b................................................60
Origins and Youth[1]...................................................................................................60
Early Involvement with the Imperial Court.................................................................60
Spiritual Development.................................................................................................61
.
With Zhou Shizong......................................................................................................63
The Beginning of the Song Dynasty............................................................................63
With Song Taizong
.......................................................................................................64
Imperial Messengers....................................................................................................67
Feats of Prognostication...............................................................................................68
Sleep]
............................................................................................................................72
Transformation and Ultimate Return...........................................................................80
Postscript......................................................................................................................82
Translation Two Taihua xiyi zhi, ch. 1.................................................................................91
i
Chen Tuan: Discussions and Translations
Table of Contents
Translation Three Fengjian[1]............................................................................................108
1. Definitions of Main Terms.....................................................................................108
2. Physical Appearance According to the Five PHASES..........................................108
3. Types of Bodies According to Animal Morphology
..............................................109
....................................................................................................................................111
4. The Appearance of the Wood−type.......................................................................110
5. Impure or Mixed Types..........................................................................................111
6. Mixtures According to the Dynamics of Phases....................................................112
7. Spirit as Deep or Shallow.......................................................................................112
8. Energy as Pure or Turbid.......................................................................................113
9. Complexion as Full or Transparent........................................................................114
10. Complexion as Young or Old
...............................................................................114
11. Physical Form and Spirit in Terms of Surplus and Deficiency[17].....................114
12. Interaction Patterns of the Various Constituents..................................................115
13. Thin Appearance..................................................................................................115
14. Signs of Long Life
................................................................................................116
15. The Importance of the Mind
.................................................................................117
16. Obstruction...........................................................................................................117
17. Yin and Yang.......................................................................................................118
18. Noble and Humble...............................................................................................118
Translation Four Mayi daozhe zhengyi xinfa....................................................................125
Translation Five Yin Zhenjun huandan gezhu (DZ 134, fasc. 59)
...................................133
BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................145
PRIMARY SOURCES ON CHEN TUAN................................................................145
SECONDARY STUDIES .........................................................................................153
ii
CHEN TUAN: DISCUSSIONS AND
TRANSLATIONS
© Livia Kohn 2001
This collection of three essays and five translations on the Song Daoist saint and immortal
Chen Tuan goes back to work done over about a decade, from 1978 to 1990. It began with
my dissertation (Leben
und Legende des Chen Tuan,
1981), which focused on questions of
legend development and the problem of what “immortality” meant as a religious ideal in the
Song dynasty.
Later I supplemented this work with materials on Chen Tuan as a physiognomist. I’d been
aware of this role of his while writing my dissertation but could only access it when I went to
Taiwan later. There I picked up the physiognomic handbook
Shenxian quanbian,
both in a
Ming−dynasty manuscript (from the National Library) and in a modern paperback reprint. I
then wrote about both this book and the
Fengjian,
a physiognomic manual closely linked
with Chen Tuan, in articles which were published in
Asian Folklore Studies
(1986, 1988)
Following this, I prepared a volume for
Taoist Resources
(2.1) on Chen Tuan, scheduled to
coincide with the thousandth anniversary of his “immortal transformation” in 989. It
contains an English summary of the results of my dissertation on legend development and a
translation of his official
Songshi
biography, as well as Li Yuanguo’s study of Chen Tuan as
an
Yijing
philosopher, Terry Russell’s examination of Chen Tuan in Japan, and Teri
Takehiro’s translation of a Ming work on inner alchemical soul−travels known as “sleep.”
Working along, I wrote various presentations and made translations of materials that never
were integrated into any published work. These materials I would now like to make
accessible in digital form on e−Dao. They consist of three discussions and five translations.
The three discussions summarize my dissertation in English and present materials discussed
in the article on Chen Tuan as physiognomist. They are not mere reprints, although they pick
up the same materials, but add additional reflections and integrate more recent studies into
the discussion. They are especially useful for students who wish to know about Chen Tuan’s
legends and his role at the Song court but do not read German.
The five translations have, for the most part, not been published previously. The first is the
complete and amply annotated rendition of Chen Tuan’s life according to the
Lishi zhenxian
tidao tongjian,
a key source for the dissertation, but not translated there. The second is the
literary rendition of Chen Tuan’s vita in the
Taihua xiyi zhi,
which is translated into German
as an appendix of the dissertation. The third, the physiognomic treatise
Fengjian,
appears in
CHEN TUAN: DISCUSSIONS AND TRANSLATIONS
1
Chen Tuan: Discussions and Translations
Asian Folklore Studies,
1988. The last two,
Mayi daozhe zhengyi xinfa
and
Yin Zhenjun
huandan gezhu,
are poems closely associated with Chen Tuan and appear here for the first
time. They are not annotated and may sound quite obscure, especially since they deal with
Song−dynasty
Yijing
thought and inner alchemy.
All these translations should be of some use to students interested in Chen Tuan or different
aspects of Song culture. They are not polished but may help as a starting or reference point
for scholars—and will certainly do more good on E−Dao than they will ever in my files at
home.
CHEN TUAN: DISCUSSIONS AND TRANSLATIONS
2

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