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'
-
.
$995
SWTi!
OISKFSVSTCM
lilt
CT
84
"
"'"7..
$395
COMPUTER
gyBTEM
Your
computer
system
needn't
cost
a
fortune.
Some
computer
kits
include
little more than
a
mother board and
a
front panel,
and
you pay
extra for everything else
you
need
to
make
an
operating
computer.
SWTPC
doesn't
do
it
that
way,
so you
can
get your Southwest
Technical 6800 Computer
up
and running
at a
bargain cost
compared
with most other systems.
It
comes complete
at
$395
with features that cost
you
extra with many other systems.
For
just $35 you can
add
either
a
serial
or
parallel
interface
board. (And
you
won't
have
to
buy several
interfaces
on
a
costly
board
to
get
just the one you want.)
The Extras
You
Get
These extras
include
4K of
random
-
access
memory,
a
mini- operating
system
in
read
-only
memory,
and
a
serial
control
interface.
They
give
you
1)
a
considerable amount
of
working
memory
for
your programs,
2)
capability
through
the mini
-
operating
system
to
simply
turn
on
power
and enter
programs
without
having
to
first load
in a
bootstrap
loader, and
3) an
interface
for
connecting
a
terminal and
beginning
to
talk with
your computer
immediately.
Peripheral Bargains
Your
computer
is
no
good without
at
least
a
terminal for
entering data
and
viewing computer output,
and
you will
probably
want
a
good method
of
storing programs and data.
We
offer
you
a
line of
high
-quality peripherals
at
low
prices.
(You
can prove
this by just
comparing prices.)
Buy
our
CT-64
Video Terminal for only $325 and
our
CT-VM
Monitor with
matching cover
for $175.
Our
MF
-68 Dual
Minifloppy costs
just $995,
complete
with Disk BASIC and
a
disk
operating
system.
For
cassette storage our
AC
-30
Cassette Interface gives simple control
for one
or
two
cassette
recorders.
You
can get inexpensive
hard
copy
with our
PR
-40
Al-
phanumeric
Line
Printer.
We
back
up the 6800 system with low
-cost software,
including
4K and 8K BASIC.
Compare
the value you get with
our computer
and
peripher-
als
before you
buy.
We
think you'll find
that SWTPC
gives you
more for your money
in
every
way.
Low-Cost Add-Ons
Now that you have
a
working computer, you'll
probably
want
to
add
at
least two features soon, more
memory and interfaces
for needed accessory equipment. Memory for
our 6800
is
another bargain.
You
can get 4K memory
boards
for just
$100
and
8K
boards
for only
$250.
Our
interfaces
cost
little
compared
with many other systems.
Enclosed
Is:
$995
for the Dual
Minifloppy
$325
for the
CT -64 Terminal
$175
for the
CT -VM
Monitor
$395 for the 4K 6800 Computer
$250
for
the
PR
-40 Line Printer
$79.50
for AC
-30 Cassette
Inferface
Exp. Date
Or
BAC
#
Or MC
#
Exp. Date
EiITI
Southwest
Technical
Products Corp.
219
W.
Rhapsody,
San
Antonio,
Texas 78216
London:
Southwest Technical Products
Co.,
Ltd.
Name
City
Address
State
__
Tokyo:
Southwest Technical Products Corp.
/Japan
Zip
_.,Circle
102
on
inquiry
card.
can
now
have
the industry's
finest
microcomputer
with
that
all-
important
disk
drive
You
YOU CAN
GET
THAT
ALL
-IMPORTANT
SOFTWARE,
TOO
Loading
your
programs
and
files
will
take
you
only
a
few
seconds
with
the new
Cromemco
Z
-2D
computer.
You
can
load fast
because
the
Z
-2D comes
equipped
with
a
5"
floppy
disk
drive
and
controller.
Each
diskette
will
store
up
to
92
kilobytes.
Diskettes
will
also store
your pro-
grams
inexpensively
-much
more
so
than
with
ROMs.
And
ever
so
much
more
conveniently
than
with
cas-
settes
or
paper tape.
The
Z
-2D itself
is
our
fast,
rugged,
professional -grade
Z -2
computer
equipped
with
disk drive
and
con-
troller.
You
can
get the Z
-2D
with
either
single
or
dual drives (dual
shown
in
photo).
The
professional
-
grade
microcomputer
for
professionals
ADVANCED
CONTROLLER
CARD
The new Z
-2D
is
a
professional
system
that
gives
you
professional
Shown
with optional
bench
cabinet
CROMEMCO
HAS THE
SOFTWARE
You can
rely
on
this: Cromemco
is
committed
to supplying
quality
software support.
For
example,
here's
what's now
available
for our
Z
-2D
users:
CROMEMCO
FORTRAN
IV
COM-
PILER:
a
well -developed
and
power-
ful
FORTRAN
that's
ideal
for
scien-
tific
use.
Produces
optimized, relo-
catable
Z -80
object
code.
CROMEMCO
16K DISK BASIC:
a
powerful
pre
-compiling interpreter
with
14
-digit
precision
and
powerful
I/O
handling capabilities.
Particularly
suited to
business
applications.
CROMEMCO
Z
-80
ASSEMBLER:
a
macro -assembler
that
produces
relo-
catable
object
code.
Uses
standard
Z
-80
mnemonics.
performance.
In
the
Z
-2D you
get
our well
-
known
4
-MHz
CPU
card,
the proven
Z -2 chassis
with
21
-slot
motherboard
and
30
-amp
power supply that
can
handle
21
cards and
dual
floppy
drives
with
ease.
Then
there's
our
new disk
con-
troller
card
with
special
features:
Capability
to handle
up
to
4
disk drives
A
disk
bootstrap
Monitor
in
a
1K
2708 PROM
RS
-232 serial
interface
for
interfacing your
CRT
terminal
or
teletype
LSI
disk
controller circuitry
We're
able to
put
all
of
this in-
cluding
a
UART
for
the
CRT
interface
on
just
one card
because
we've
taken
the
forward
step
of
using
LSI
con-
troller
circuitry.
STORE
/FACTORY
An
Contact your
computer
store
or
Cromemco factory now about the
Z
-2D.
It's
a
real
workhorse that
you
can
put
to professional
or
OEM
use
now.
Kit:
Z
-2D
with
1
disk
drive
(Model
Z2D
-K)
$1495.
Assembled:
Z
-2D
fully
assembled
and tested
(Model Z2D-
W)
$2095.
Additional
disk drive
$495.
(Model
Z2D -FDD)
Z -2
USERS:
Your
Z -2 was
designed
with
the
future
in
mind.
It
can be
easily
retrofitted
with
everything
needed
to convert to
a
Z
-2D.
Only
$935
kit; or
$1135
for
assembled
retrofit
package.
SOFTWARE
(On standard IBM
-format
soft -sectored
mini
diskettes)
16K BASIC
(Model
FDB
-S)
FORTRAN IV
(Model
FDF -S)
Z
-80
Assembler (Model
FDA-
S)
$95
$95
$95
Cromemco
or
or
i
n
c
p
a
t
e
d
Specialists
in
computers
and
peripherals
Circle
30
on
inquiry
card.
2400
CHARLESTON
RD.,
MOUNTAIN
VIEW,
CA
94043
(415)
964
-7400
BYTE January 1978
1
The
easy
way
to
get
disk storage,
FORTRAN
IV,
and other programming
power
Control
up
to
four 8"
drives
Control
up
to
three
5"
drives
CRT
terminal
interface
^
b
r-..
.
gça
-°,;
Illllllllllllllllii
LSI
,uun
'_;'
Illllllllllllllllllli,
circuitry
1
kilobyte
Fundion
switches
I
PROM
rca
ve,,,
`
I
Q
-3+
¡y
lrrr
-
I1I1I
.'
I
n11111111
Here's
a
new disk
controller
and
disk
drive combination that
will
set
you
up
for
truly
powerful
disk
storage.
The
new
controller
is
extremely
versatile.
You
can
use
it
with
either
our new
5"
single disk
drive
or
our
8" dual disk drive.
In
fact, the con-
troller will
interface
up
to
three 5" or
four
8" drives.
That
means you
can
have
enor-
mous disk storage
since
the
new con-
troller
puts
92
kilobytes
on
each
side
of
a
5" diskette
and
256
kilobytes
on
an
8"
diskette. Recording
is
in
soft
-
sectored IBM
format.
FORTRAN
IV
AND
MORE
You
can
get still more
Cromemco
disk
operation
aids.
For
example, we
also
offer
FORTRAN IV
for
our com-
puter
users.
And
as
in
so
many
things,
we
are
the first manufacturer
in
the field to
offer
this advanced program
for
the
Z
-80
N.P.
Besides FORTRAN
IV
we
also
offer
our
special
BASIC
(14
-digit
precision),
our
Z
-80
Assembler,
and
now
an
en-
CROMEMCO
FORTRAN
IV
OROMEMCO
FORTRAN
IV
CROMEMOO
FORTRAN
IV
CROMEMCO
FORTRAN Ill
Single
5"
disk drive
Dual
8"
disk drive
board
control
of your disk drive
and also
includes
a
bootstrap to
load
our powerful
CDOS
disk
operating
system
supplied
on all
Cromemco
diskettes.
The
controller will
interface
your
CRT
terminal through
its
RS
-232
serial
port.
May
save
you
an
/O.
It
has
5
programmable interval
timers.
It
has
vectored interrupts.
And
it
has an
8
-bit
parallel
input
port
and
an
8
-bit
parallel
output
port.
I
STORES
/FACTORY
This
new
card and
the disk drives
are in
production
and
available.
So
contact
your computer
store
or
the factory today
and
you
can have
the power of
FORTRAN IV and
a
large
memory right
away.
PRICES
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
4FDC-K
Disk
Controller kit
4FDC
-W Disk
Controller
assembled
S
395
WFD
5" single disk drive assembled
PFD -K
8"
dual disk
drive kit
PFD
-W 8"
dual disk drive assembled
Disk
drives
are
complete with
power supply,
case
and cables.
$
595
$
495
$1995
$2495
tertainment
diskette with over
en
of our Dazzlers
games.
a
doz-
KEYBOARD
CONTROL
The
new Model
4FDC
disk con-
troller
(supplied
in
our
Z -2D)
is
for
our
Z -2
computer
or
any
S
-100
bus
computer
using
our
Z
-80
CPU
card.
You
should
also
know about
these
other
capabilities of
the new con-
LOOK
TO
THE FUTURE
This
new disk
controller
equips
you
for
the
future
as
well
as
for
now.
Not
only
can
you
now
have
very
large storage,
but the features
of
the
controller
and
the standard
IBM
for-
mat
protect
you
from early obso-
lescence.
SOFTWARE
Purchasers
of
Cromemco computers
or drives
may
purchase software on
5"
or 8"
diskettes
as
follows:
s"
FORTRAN
IV
Z -80
Assembler
16K BASIC
Dazzlers
games
FDF
-S
FDA
-S
FDB
-S
a"
Diskette Diskette
Model Model
Price
FDF -L
FDA -L
FDB -L
FDG
-S
FDG -L
$95
$95
$95
$95
troller:
Its
PROM
-resident
Disk
Operating
Cromemco
or
i
n
c
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
Specialists
in
computers
and
peripherals
2400
CHARLESTON
RD.,
MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA
94043
(415) 964-7400
System (RDOS) gives
you
key
-
2
BYTE
January 1978
Circle 30
on
inquiry
card.
In
4
37
58
the
Queue
-
FATE
Volume
January
3
1978
1
Number
Foreground
ADD
MORE
ZING
TO
THE
COCKTAIL
Hardware
Ciarcia
A FLOPPY DISK
INTERFACE
Hardware
-Allen
THE WATERLOO
RF
MODULATOR
Hacks
-Banks
MOUNTING
A PAPER
TAPE
READER
Hardware
-Bryan
t
PUBLISHER
Virginia l'cschke
EDITOR
IN
CHIEF
Ctrl
1
Hclntcrs
Ir
PRODUCTION MANAGER
I
udith
Haves;
AUVLRIISIN(.
DIRECTOR
Debra
Bopdrìeau
94
161
CIRCULATION MANAGER
Gregory
Spit/laden
EDITORS
Christopher
P
Slorgan
Blest
N
Lif
iich
ASSISI
ANT
PUBLISHER
Lliatbedt Alpaugh
(.
0.011
EDITOR
Scutt Morrow
PRODUCTION EDITORS
Karen Gregory
Nancy Salmon
Background
11
THE BRAINS
OF
MEN
AND MACHINES:
Biological
Models
for Robotics
ADVERTISING
Noreen Bardsley
Robotics-Kent
27
84
86
108
122
144
150
162
THE
IRS
AND
THE
COMPUTER ENTREPRENEUR
Taxes
and
Business
-Hughes
THE
MOTOROLA 6800 INSTRUCTION
SET
Software -Jessop
A USER'S
REACTION
TO THE SOL
-10
COMPUTER
Product
Review-
Bumpous
THE
SECOND
WORLD COMPUTER
CHESS
CHAMPIONSHIPS
Perfect
Information
Games
-Jennings
STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING WITH WARNIER
-ORR
DIAGRAMS:
Part
Software-
Higgins
SIMULATION
OF
MOTION:
Model Rockets and Other
Flying
Objects
Modelling
-Smith
A
NOVICE'S
EYE
ON
COMPUTER
ARITHMETIC
Numbers-
Ledder
NOTES
ON
BRINGING
UP
A
MICROCOMPUTER
Hardware
-Libes
PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
Cheryl Hurd
CIRCULATION
ASSISTANT
Pamela
R
Heaslip
DEALER
SALES
Ginnie
F
Boudrieau
TRAFFIC MANAGER
Edmond
D
Kelly
Ir
ART
Wai
Clint Li
Dorothy
Shammnsky
Ellen Shamunsky
BOOK
PUBLISHER
Christopher
E
Smith
CONVENTION SUPERVISOR
Elirabcth Alpaugh
EXECUI
IVE SECRETARIES
Jill Callihan
Patricia Clark
Laura
A
Hanson
RECEPTIONIST
Iacyueline Larnshaw
CLUBS AND NEWSLETTERS
David
Wurmak
2
DRAFTING
Douglas Glen
Stephen Kruse
Lynn
Malo
Nucleus
4
6
Bill Morello
Dorothy
Shamunsky
TYPOGRAPHY
Custom Marketing
Resources Inc
Goodway Graphics
PHOTOGRAPHY
Ed
Crabtree
In
This BYTE
36
120
136, 160
139
165
168
What
Is
This
Phenomenon
Personal
Computing?
Letters
BYTE's
Bits
Book
Reviews
Clubs,
Newsletters
Technical Forum:
A
Note
on Advances
in
Technology
PRINTING
Rumford
Press
NEW PRODUCTS
EDITOR
Daniel Fylstra
ASSOCIATES
Walter Banks
Stew.
I fare
is
Dasid
Fs
Istra
Noll.)
Isaac
sun
BITS
INC
What's
New?
Classified
Ads
BOMB
Reader Service
190
192
192
Flu]
d
W
Rehling
Medellin
Stephens
Inn
Trails.
rr
Ronald Witrke
ADVERT
ISIN(.
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m
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Endue
contents cnpyr!yht
SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA:
But kIt's
¡Burin Associates Inc
912 South
Barrington
Suite 202
Lus Angeles
(.A 90049
(21
I)
821 -4621
NORTHERN
CALIFORNIA:
Iules
E
Thompson
Inc
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Building
Suite
III
I
San
Francisco CA
94103
(415)
362
-8547
J
3
BYTE January
1978

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