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WHEELS AND TIRES
22 - 1
WHEELS AND TIRES
CONTENTS
page
page
SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
TIRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
VEHICLE VIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
WHEELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
TIRES
INDEX
page
Cleaning of Tires .
General Information
Pressure Gauges .
Repairing Leaks . .
Replacement Tires
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2
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2
3
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Rotation . . . . . . . . . . .
Tire Inflation Pressures
Tire Noise or Vibration
Tire Wear Patterns . . .
Tread Wear Indicators .
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4
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3
GENERAL INFORMATION
Tires are designed for each specific vehicle. They
provide the best overall performance for normal oper-
ation. The ride and handling characteristics match
the vehicle’s requirements. With proper care they
will give excellent reliability, traction, skid resis-
tance, and tread life. These tires have specific load
carrying capacities. When correctly inflated, they will
operate properly.
Tires used in cool climates, and with light loads
will have a longer life than tires used in hot climates
with heavy loads. Abrasive road surfaces will acceler-
ate tire wear.
Driving habits have more effect on tire life than
any other factor. Careful drivers will obtain much
greater mileage than careless drivers.
Driving habits that shorten the life of any tire;
•
Rapid acceleration and deceleration
•
Severe application of brakes
•
High-speed driving
•
Taking turns at excessive speeds
•
Striking curbs and other obstacles
It is very important to follow the tire rotation in-
terval
Performance tires will have a speed rating letter
after the aspect ratio number. The speed rating is not
always printed on the tire sidewall. The letter
S
in-
dicates that the tire is speed rated up to 112 mph.
•
Q
up to 100 mph
•
T
up to 118 mph
•
U
up to 124 mph
•
H
up to 130 mph
•
V
up to 149 mph
•
Z
more than 149 mph (consult the tire manufac-
turer for the specific speed rating)
An All Season type tire will have either
M + S, M
& S or M—S
(indicating mud and snow traction) im-
printed on the side wall.
RADIAL-PLY TIRES
Radial-ply tires improve handling, tread life, ride
quality and decrease rolling resistance.
Radial-ply tires must always be used in sets of
four. Under no circumstances should they be used on
the front only. They may be mixed with temporary
spare tires when necessary, but reduced speeds are
recommended.
Radial-ply tires have the same load-carrying capac-
ity as other types of tires of the same size. They use
the same recommended inflation pressures.
SPARE TIRE (TEMPORARY)
The compact spare tire is designed for emergency
use only. The original tire should be repaired and re-
installed at the first opportunity. Refer to Owner’s
Manual for complete details.
IDENTIFICATION
Tire type, size, aspect ratio and speed rating are
encoded in the letters and numbers imprinted on the
side wall of the tire. Refer to the chart to decipher
the tire identification code (Fig. 1).
22 - 2
WHEELS AND TIRES
J
Fig. 2 Under Inflation Wear
Fig. 1 Tire Size Identification
TIRE CHAINS
Tire snow chains may be used on certain models.
Refer to Owner’s Manual for more information.
CLEANING OF TIRES
Steam cleaning may be used for cleaning.
DO NOT use gasoline or wire brush for cleaning.
DO NOT use mineral oil or an oil-based solvent.
Fig. 3 Over Inflation Wear
checked
cold
once per month. Tire pressure de-
creases when the outside temperature drops.
Inflation pressures specified on the placards are al-
ways
cold inflation pressure.
Cold inflation pres-
sure is obtained after the vehicle has not been
operated for at least 3 hours. Tire inflation pressures
may increase from 2 to 6 pounds per square inch
(psi) during operation.
Do not
reduce this normal
pressure build-up.
Vehicles loaded to the maximum capacity should
not be driven at continuous speeds above 75 mph
(120 km/h).
WARNING: OVER OR UNDER INFLATED TIRES CAN
AFFECT VEHICLE HANDLING AND CAN FAIL SUD-
DENLY, RESULTING IN LOSS OF VEHICLE CON-
TROL.
PRESSURE GAUGES
High-quality, dial-type, air-pressure gauges are rec-
ommended. After checking with the gauge, replace
valve cap and finger tight.
TIRE INFLATION PRESSURES
Under inflation (Fig. 2) causes rapid shoulder wear
and tire flexing.
Over inflation (Fig. 3) causes rapid center wear and
loss of the tire’s ability to cushion shocks.
Improper inflation can cause;
•
Uneven wear patterns
•
Reduced tread life
•
Reduced fuel economy
•
Unsatisfactory ride
•
Cause the vehicle to drift
Refer to the Owner’s Manual for information re-
garding proper tire inflation pressure.
This pressure has been carefully selected to provide
for safe vehicle operation. Tire pressure should be
REPLACEMENT TIRES
OEM tires provide a proper balance of many fea-
tures such as;
•
Ride
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Noise
Handling
Durability
Tread life
Traction
Rolling resistance
Speed capability
Original equipment tires should be used when re-
placement is needed.
Refer to the placard on the vehicle or the
Owner’s Manual for the correct replacement
tire.
Failure to use original or equivalent replacement
tires may adversely affect the handling of the vehicle.
The use of oversize tires
is not recommended.
They may cause interference with vehicle suspension
and steering travel. This can cause tire damage or
failure.
WARNING: FAILURE TO EQUIP THE VEHICLE WITH
TIRES HAVING ADEQUATE LOAD CAPABILITY CAN
RESULT IN SUDDEN TIRE FAILURE.
WHEELS AND TIRES
22 - 3
Fig. 5 Tread Wear Indicators
REPAIRING LEAKS
For proper repairing, a radial tire it must be re-
moved from the wheel. Repairs should only be made
if the puncture is in the
tread area
(Fig. 6). If out-
side the tread area the tire should be replaced.
ROTATION
Tires on the front and rear axles operate at differ-
ent loads and perform different steering, driving, and
braking functions. For these reasons, the tires wear
at unequal rates. They may also develop irregular
wear patterns. These effects can be reduced by rotat-
ing the tires according to the maintenance schedule
in the Owners Manual. This will improve tread life,
traction and maintain a smooth quiet ride.
The suggested method of tire rotation is the
same
side front to rear
pattern (Fig. 4). Other rotation
methods can be used, but may not provide the same
tire longevity benefits.
Fig. 4 Tire Rotation Pattern
Fig. 6 Tire Repair Area
Deflate tire completely before dismounting tire
from the wheel. Use lubrication such as a mild soap
solution when dismounting or mounting tire. Use
tools free of burrs or sharp edges.
Before mounting tire on wheel, make sure all rust
scale is removed from the rim. Repaint or seal if nec-
essary.
TREAD WEAR INDICATORS
Tread wear indicators are molded into the bottom
of the tread grooves. When tread is 1.6 mm (1/16 in.),
the tread wear indicators will appear as a 13 mm
(1/2 in.) band across the tread width.
Tire replacement is necessary when indicators ap-
pear in two or more grooves Fig. 5).
22 - 4
WHEELS AND TIRES
J
Fig. 7 Abnormal Tire Tread Wear Patterns
TIRE NOISE OR VIBRATION
The radial-ply tire on your vehicle is more sensitive
to improper mounting, or imbalance.
To determine if tires are the cause of vibration,
drive the vehicle over a smooth road at different
speeds. Note the effect of acceleration and decelera-
tion on noise level. Differential and exhaust noise
will change in intensity as speed varies. Tire noise
will usually remain constant.
Excessive camber causes the tire to run at an angle
to the road. One side of tread is worn more than the
other.
Excessive toe-in or toe-out causes wear on the
tread edges. There is a feathered effect across the
tread (Fig. 7).
TIRE WEAR PATTERNS
Under inflation will increase wear on the shoulders
of the tire. Over inflation will increase wear at the
center of the tread.
J
LEAD CORRECTION CHART
WHEELS AND TIRES
22 - 5

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