Christopher Skelton-Foord in the project „The Circulating Library in the British Novel 1780-1830” has represented literary works of Jane Austen, Roberta Bisseta and Hannah More as source of mentality history, include charges addressed to public libraries and theirs readers, which almost have been using amorous - blood and thunder novels and libraries itself have been defining as a cheat and a place of assignations. Alistair Black („Not fit for a gentlemean to live in” - Fiction, Autobiography and the Cultural „Meaning” of the Early British Public Library) was introducing descriptions of public libraries in novels and biographies end of XIX century, expressing thinking that while literary sources are used, should make it carefully because it shows author angle in the first instance. According to rapporteur, the main meaning is represented canon of sources, which counts a different social options and perspectives.
Manfred Nagl(BibliothekareundBibliotheken im Film) has analysed television production and video clips paying special attention to image of the libraries and their crew. Clips from movies like as „Śniadanie u Tiffaniego” or „Umarli śpią mocno” and an advertisements introduce the libraries as place of mandatory silent, unpleasant for users, from should return quickly, while female librarians are tabby and offensive or wide-eyed and alienated instead male side are stunted, peaky with lots of hung-ups. Sally Brown (The British Museum Library in Literature) uses examples of a literary descriptions reading room British Library from Isaaca d’ Israeli’ego to Davida Lodge’a in order to introduce reverse thesis, that the libraries was very important and still are for informational community. Meterials from this seminar still haven’t released.
Similiar thematically conference was organised 18’th to 20’th March 1997 a.d in Koninka by Institute of Librarianship and Science Information Jagiellonian University has been represented by author of this article. Twelve projects has been represented more or less according to literary age chronology from the Enlightenment to contemporary times. Iwona Imańska from Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun (Monastic library in „Monachomachia” of Ignacy Krasicki) has effected analise of the monastic library, once trying found artistic function and semantic function of description.
Mariola Jarczykowa from Univeristy of Silesia in Katowice (Theme of the book in „Podolanka” by Michał Dymitr Krajewski) has introduced and she has given to analysis the novel paying special attention to statement location on the subject of reading and about female readings, authors, and titles of a books, dominating brand in literature.
Janusz Dunin from University of Lodz (Książka w aforyzmach) has used a few polish contemporary anthology issues, statements about this book. Ruched material has permitted confirmation a typical fact for this kind of anthology, that editors of this repertory treat it in nonhistorical way- they’ve correlated classic text with modern on the one plane. Aphorisms itself enforce this setting, because give a timeless consistent impression. At the bottom in creating such anthology is a confidence their authors as if circulating words-entries leads to promote the book with their readers. Hence the apologetic tone majority of aphorisms comes from against of the book.
Małgorzata Rowicka and Janusz Kostecki from National Library in Warsaw (Obraz biblioteki w polskich powieściach realistycznych XIX wieku) have introduced descriptions of a libraries in polish realistic novels XIX century in quantitatively way. They’ve abstracted by intentional-random method 65 novels 38 author’s from 1876-1900 a.d, their action going on Russian annexation from the end of January Uprising to the end of previous century, in cities, towns and cottages. In this 65 novels, 1823 fragments according to the book, the press, and ways of their functionality including 140 touching a libraries and 60 other institutions which exporting the book. Main majority, how has rapporteur computed, representing short a single-sentence mentions, and only two descriptions cover longer piece of text. With 140 fragments according to libraries, until 120 in 56 novels regard to domestic book collections: gentry, intelligence, blue blood, more rarely to middle class, bourgeoisie, the most rarely to peasants and labourers. Only 12 descriptions cover individual room for a books, otherwise cabinet libraries more often appears, books in wardrobe and even libraries consist of a one book. Outside private book collections appear spa libraries, intermediate schools libraries, technical libraries, editorial libraries and reading room or private circulation desk. It can be argued historically because basic part in reading development in russian annexation in the last quarter of a century was a domestic book collections. Desk officers have written that to library descriptions cannot be assigned special in-text functions although the most often books are read by goodies. In realistic novels true description of typical everyday elements is expected, where can be qualify a books, thus descriptions of book collections these novels can be treated as historical sources.
Anna Jabłońska from Univeristy of Wrocław has pointed out elements of Whiting culture in „Faraon” by Bolesław Prus such as: interact, script , materials and writer tools, writer and school (for example school to temple Hator in Pi-Bast ), types of documents, particular books primarily Book of the Dead and also mentions about documents resources in archive in library in Edfu and also in library in Hator temple.
Nina Milanowska from Pedagogical Institute in Tarnopol (Charakterystyka bohaterów ze względu na stosunek do książki w powieściach Elizy Orzeszkowej „Ostatnia miłość” i „Na prowincji”) has introduced artistic measure profile of literary characters by reading books used by Orzeszkowa. Goodies of this novels, Stefan Rawicki and Bolesław Topolski are educated persons, active socially, with high culture, sensitive to beauty of nature and art. They owe books, not only their knowledge but they search in them wisdom, counsels and emotions. Although contacts with books don’t have bad guys, according to desk officer bad guys which are passive or they have poor inner life. Especially in tendentious literature which are novels by Orzeszkowa, this comparison of books and worthy and even following according to N. Milanowskiej has a big pedagogic advantage.
Bogdan Burdziej from Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun has discussed artistic and ideological functions of book themes and Jewish polish books lead by example differential species and chronological literary material from the Renaissance Lejbe i Sióra (1821) by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, trough “Nie-Boska komedia” (1835) by Zygmunt Krasiński to Meir Ezofowicz (1878) by Eliza Orzeszkowa. Desk officer has pointed out fact that imagine of postulated Jew appears in polish literature in Kingdom of Poland from 1815 r. This is a christened Jew or pursue christen. His character, way, inner life, new personality after christening is characterized with books. With reformed appear New Testament, instead from a second half XIX century in Jewish culture we can see polish literature. After christening, Jew involving to polish culture. B. Burdziej has devised a thesis that especially in Lejbe i Siora, Nie-Boska komedia and Meir Ezofowicz, can spot a try “domesticating” Jewish sainted books, mainly Talmud by polish literature. For example in epistolary romance Lejbe i Sióra, in which the protagonist is a community polish Jews in Eastern Borderland of Poland, Talmud appears in each sphere of life characters- is an item of smuggling, trading and starts criminal thread.
- Concerning “Nie-Boska komedia” Desk officer has put a new interpretative suggestion that hierarchy of importance in revolutionary camp which has standed up to cross worshippers rely on Talmud, not the Bible. MeirEzofowicz is more mature repetition Lejbe i Sióra for a rapporteur . It is a novel about Jews as nation of the Book.
Anna Dymmel from University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska in Lublin (Motyw biblioteki i postać bibliotekarza w romansie popularnym Heleny Mniszek i Marii Rodziewiczówny) has touched a novels which belongs to popular romance, where the story is concentrated on wild feelings two protagonists and is varied in fences, a twists in the plot and intrigues of rivals. The analisys of 12 novels by Mniszkówna and 18 by Rodziewiczówna has let to determine that a library appears into them in function of magnate residence decoration, set of national and family keepsakes, a source of knowledge for youth and for enthusiast of science, places of meeting and rest. Stylistic of the libraries descriptions is schematic and simple. Villains read only with boredom, goodies satisfies their deep needs intellectual and emotional.
Beata Anna Cessak from University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska in Lublin („Biblioteka jak Feniks”. Theme of library in books by Melchior Wańkowicz) has used Szczenięce lata, Ziele na kraterze, Karafkę La Fontaine’a, Naszą kamienicę by Wańkowicz, toward showing indestructible need to have library of your own, independent of age and random accidents. The first description of robed Wańkowicz’s national library in Kałużyce appears in book entitled Szczenięce lata. Different description of nice house – place of intellectual whirlwind with beautiful book collection, brace catalogues and pulpit called by children „czytułka” ,can find this in the opus entitled Ziele na kraterze. In Karafka La Fontaine’a by Wańkowicz, a lot of place is sacrificed to public libraries, where he frequented, Library of Congress in Washington and own workshop. In the novel “Nasza kamienica” mentions of burned library in żoliborz have revived.
Włodzimierz Próchnicki from Jagiellonian University in Cracow (Homo legens. About reading of literary characters.) has differentiated static and dynamic themes about books knowledge in literary writings. To static he has rated theme of library and a book because this theme serves for circumscribe of residential interior, for facilitate solution finding of mystery through reaching to hidden document, characterization of manner or psychological of characters. Dynamic theme is an act of reading which except describing of character leads usually to change of characters views hence to change his operation. It gives a main change in represented world. In next part of statement, desk officer has showed an examples of opuses from different age and nationality, where appears reading character and effects are visual. In this opuses we can find doubts, ascertainments, asks, answers according to fiction and also to reality.
Zbigniew Siatkowski from Jagiellonian Univeristy in Cracow (Księgozbiór domu poety) has concentrated listeners on one of the little poem by Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński –poetic letter entitled Opis domu poety from 1937 a.d., owing to introduce in this a fragment consisting of the opus by Pliniusz and Horacy. Detailed analysis of artistic shaped poem has allowed to show that two opuses of two prominent ancient artists forms the highest level of poet’s house therefore the highest value for the speaker. Poet’s house itself with literary references to Soplicowo- how the desk officer has showed- so formed to the poet lived beautifully, worthily and easily. The lowest values within this huge value named HOUSE is equipment: Pafnucy (even he belongs to equipment), architectonics, furniture, lamps, dishes, coffee, tea, fireplace. Higher- space of fireplace with delights, armchair, shelves with books. The highest- Pliniusz and Horacy reign on the shelf by the fireplace- ancient masterpieces describing wonderfully houses and arguably literally modules of poetic letter by Gałczyński about poet’s house.
Krystyna Bednarska-Ruszajowa from Jagiellonian University in Cracow (Światowe badania nad opisami bibliotek w utworach literackich) has introduced results of researches about library descriptions in literary works which was taking a place in France, German, Poland, United States, Great Britain and Italy. As an annex to the project author has attached bibliography of world’s studies about library descriptions in literary works (123 positions) and also bibliography of only foreign literary works, including library descriptions (556 positions). Materials from conference have been published in 1998 a.d.[1]
In view of the above analysis of literature suggesting a new conclusions referring to further research of this issues:
1. No synchronized, international, broad-based group research. Only such researches will be able to abstract:
- Wander of some themes between literature of different nation.
- Character of library’s situation( in a sphere of factual material and social awareness ) in particular countries and ages.
2. Theme of library should be treated as an ingredient of fuller theme of the book. Except libraries intentionally would be determined what place the book has kept in society, not only understood as order of text but also material product and how people have read and how authors have estimated a readers and their level of reading.
3. With extended range of research bigger care should be turned to Romanticism because from it derived sources of later themes as Romantics have done from book an item of cult.
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