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English as a Second Language Podcast
www.eslpod.com
ENGLISH CAFÉ – 410
TOPICS
Motown Records; Famous Songs – “Mary Had a Little Lamb"; to boycott versus
to prohibit; Jane Doe; to catch some z’s
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GLOSSARY
record company
– a company that helps musicians record, market, and sell
their music
* To promote Jeff McQuillan’s new album, the record company is putting up signs
all over the city.
hit
– a song that becomes extremely popular and is know by many people
* Paul doesn’t listen to the radio and doesn’t know many of today’s hits.
soul music
– a type of music that is a combination of African American gospel
songs sung typically in black Christian churches, and rhythm and blues
* Listening to soul music makes me want to dance!
crossover
– a type of music that is successful with two very different audiences,
such as fans of rock and country music
* Alana is mainly a jazz singer, but she has also had crossover hits with a pop
music audience.
subsidiary
– a smaller company owned and controlled by a larger company or
organization
* If our parent company makes a change in policy, all of the subsidiaries have to
follow it.
ambassador
– a person who officially represents a country in another country,
working in an embassy; a person who helps to connect two cultures or groups
* Why weren’t the ambassadors of several major Asian countries invited to the
reception?
nursery rhyme
– a short poem that is often repeated to babies and young
children
* Our baby’s first words were from a nursery rhyme that she likes to hear.
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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 410
real-life incident
– something that really happened, and not something that was
made up or imagined
* Our show talks about real-life incidents of bravery and self-sacrifice.
lamb
– a baby sheep; an animal that people raise for meat and for wool (their
thick, warm fur or hair)
* When the lamb’s mother was taken away from her, she wouldn’t stop saying
“baa baa!”
commotion
– a confused and noisy excitement
* The commotion in front of the store is being caused by a few people who are
protesting our hiring policies.
to set (something) to a melody
– to give a set of words certain notes, so that
they can be sung instead of said
* Tran decided to set his marriage proposal to a melody and sing it to Julie.
phonograph
– an old music player that plays recorded music or sounds
* Look at this old phonograph! It still plays music.
to boycott
– to stop buying or using, in an effort to cause change; to not buy
from a business or use a service to show one’s displeasure or disagreement with
a business’s policies or actions
* We are asking customers to boycott this restaurant because the owners refuse
to pay the workers the money they’re owed.
to prohibit
– to make a rule or law against an action or type of behavior; to
prevent
* Our company has a rule prohibiting co-workers from dating, but most people
ignore it.
Jane Doe
– a name used for an unidentified woman or girl, usually related to a
crime or a legal action
* Has anyone discovered the identity of the Jane Doe the police brought in this
morning?
to catch some z’s
– to get some sleep; to take a nap or to go to sleep
* Our band has been working non-stop to finish our album, but now that it’s done,
we can catch some z’s.
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these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 410
WHAT INSIDERS KNOW
Music Sampling
Have you ever heard a song and thought one part of it is similar to something
they’ve heard in the past? This song may be using something called “music
sampling.”
Music sampling was first used in the late 1960’s by musicians “experimenting”
(testing and trying new things to discover something new) with “vinyl records”
(flat, black discs with recorded music). They took small “portions” (parts) of
songs on vinyl records that they then “incorporated” (put into) their own “tracks”
(individual piece of recorded music). These musicians wanted to produced a
new and “fresher” (up-to-date; modern) sound.
Later, it was “hip-hop music” (a popular type of American music that includes rap
and electronic music) that really “embraced” (welcomed; used a lot) music
sampling. Many hip-hop songs have music sampling “clips” (short sections of
recorded music or video) from other types of music, other songs, and even “voice
recordings” (spoken recordings without music).
When music sampling was first used, musicians did not get “permission”
(consent; agreement for use by the owner of the music) from the original “artist”
(musician). However, as it became more popularity, original artists didn’t want
their music to be sampled without permission and this produced “legal” (related
to the law and the courts) issues. Today, most musicians will get the original
artist’s permission before using their music, but some prefer to sample their own
recordings to avoid any legal problems.
Music sampling is also “controversial” (without agreement) among musicians.
Some say that using music sampling is a sign of a “lack of creativity” (not being
able to think originally). Others say that music sampling has “revolutionized”
(completely changed) how musicians produce their music.
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These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2013). Posting of
these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 410
COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT
You're listening to ESL Podcast’s English Café number 410.
This is English as a Second Language Podcast’s English Café episode 410. I'm
your host, Dr. Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational
Development in beautiful Los Angeles, California.
Our website is ESLPod.com. Go there. Become a member and download a
Learning Guide for this episode.
On this Café, we’re going to talk about one of the most famous record companies
in twentieth-century America: Motown Records. We’re also going to talk about
music on the second part of our Café. We’re going to talk about another famous
American song, “Mary Had a Little Lamb.” And as always, we’ll answer a few of
your questions. Let's get started.
We begin this Café with a discussion of Motown Records. The word “Motown”
(Motown) is actually a combination of two words: “motor” (motor) and “town.”
“Motor Town” was the nickname that was given the city of Detroit, Michigan. The
reason that people called Detroit “Motor Town” is because many of the most
important manufacturers or makers of cars, of automobiles, began in Michigan.
Many of them, even today, are still located in the state of Michigan, which is in
the eastern central part of the United States. Detroit is the largest city in the state
of Michigan.
Motown Records, then, is a record company. That's a company that helps
musicians record and sell their music. Motown began in 1959. It was started, or
founded we might say, by a man named Berry Gordy Jr. Gordy was a songwriter,
a person who writes songs for other people to perform or sing, but he was
disappointed that he didn't make more money, or at least as much money as
many of the musicians. He realized that making money meant making records –
that if he wanted to make more money, he had to be involved in the making of
the actual albums, the actual records. He started Motown Records and his
company grew, or became bigger, very quickly. In fact, Gordy was able to sell the
company, and the company has since been bought and sold many times. It left
Detroit, Michigan, and moved to Los Angeles for a while. Today, it is actually
based in New York City. It's still around, Motown records. It's part of a larger
company called the Universal Music Group.
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These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2013). Posting of
these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
English as a Second Language Podcast
www.eslpod.com
ENGLISH CAFÉ – 410
Motown Records, however, is most famous for its early work, its work in the
1960s in particular. The company produced a lot of hits. A “hit” (hit) is a very
successful product – in this case, a very successful song. You could also talk
about a hit television show, or a hit movie, or simply describe it as a hit. Motown
Records produced a lot of hit records or hit songs. One of the reasons why
Motown Records became famous is that it had a certain style of music, what at
that time was called “soul” (soul) music.
Soul music is basically a combination of traditional African American gospel
songs – songs that were sung and still are sung in Christian churches with a lot
of African American members, that's part of what “soul” is – it’s a combination of
gospel music and other traditional kinds of African American music, especially
rhythm and blues. Not surprisingly, most of the people who recorded records for
Motown Records were African American singers and musicians.
The Motown style, the “Motown sound” as it's sometimes called, uses what's
called a “call and response” style, where the leader sings something and the
other singers respond, typically repeating the same phrase. So, it could be
something like:
Well, I love you. (Well, I love you).
You know, this other singer repeats what you say, or answers you. The
importance of Motown Records was that it was one of the first times in popular
culture where the music of African Americans was not just bought and listened to
by African Americans, but was also popular among white Americans. The term
that is often used in music to describe when someone is able to go from one
style of music, and one traditional audience, to another is “crossover.”
“Crossover” (crossover) – one word – can have a lot of different meanings, but
here I'm referring to music that was popular in the African American or black
community becoming popular in the white community.
Before Motown Records, white audiences usually listened to very different music
than black audiences. But the Motown sound crossed over, and many whites
started to listen to that style, that Motown style of music. When the groups that
recorded records for Motown went around the country and gave concerts, you
started to see both blacks and whites coming together to listen to the music. This
was very popular in the 1960s.
Motown music, then, in some ways had a role, or had a place, in the racial
integration in the 1960s. We've talked about the civil rights movement before on
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These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2013). Posting of
these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.

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