Two Treatises of Government John Lock.pdf

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Two Treatises
In the Former, The False Principles and Foundation of Sir
Robert Filmer, and His Followers, Are Detected and
Overthrown: The Latter, Is an Essay Concerning the Original,
Extent, and End, of Civil Government
Government
of
John Locke
from The Works of John Locke.
A New Edition, Corrected.
In Ten Volumes. Vol. V.
London: Printed for Thomas Tegg; W. Sharpe and Son; G. Offor; G.
and J. Robinson; J. Evans and Co.: Also R. Griffin and Co. Glasgow;
and J. Gumming, Dublin.
1823.
Prepared by Rod Hay for the McMaster University Archive of the His-
tory of EconomicThought.
Contents
The Preface ........................................................................................ 5
Essay One:
The False Principles and Foundation of Sir Robert
Filmer, and His Followers, Are Detected and Overthrown .......... 7
I .......................................................................................................... 7
II: Of paternal and regal Power. ......................................................... 9
III: Of Adam’s Title to Sovereignty by Creation. ............................. 14
IV: Of Adam’s Title to Sovereignty, by Donation, ........................... 19
V: Of Adam’s Title to Sovereignty, by the Subjection of Eve .......... 32
VI: Of Adam’s Title to Sovereignty by Fatherhood. ........................ 36
VII: Of Fatherhood and Property considered together as Fountains of
Sovereignty ................................................................................ 50
VIII: Of the Conveyance of Adam’s sovereigns monarchical Power 54
IX: Of Monarchy by Inheritance from Adam .................................. 56
X: Of the Heir to Adam’s Monarchical Power. ................................ 67
XI: Who Heir? ................................................................................. 69
Notes .............................................................................................. 104
Essay Two:
Concerning the True Original Extent and End of Civil
Government ............................................................................. 105
I: Of Political Power ...................................................................... 105
II: Of the State of Nature ............................................................... 106
III: Of the State of War ................................................................... 112
IV: Of Slavery ................................................................................. 114
V: Of Property ................................................................................. 115
VI: Of Paternal Power ................................................................... 126
VII: Of Political or Civil Society ................................................... 138
VIII: Of the Beginning of Political Societies .................................. 146
IX: Of the Ends of Political Society and Government .................... 159
X: Of the Forms of a Commonwealth ............................................ 161
XI: Of the Extent of the Legislative Power .................................... 162
XII: The Legislative, Executive, and Federative Power of the Com-
monwealth ............................................................................... 167
XIII: Of the Subordination of the Powers of the Commonwealth .. 169
XIV: Of Prerogative ....................................................................... 175
XV: Of Paternal, Political and Despotical Power, Considered To-
gether ....................................................................................... 179
Chapter XVI : Of Conquest ........................................................... 182
Chapter XVII: Of Usurpation ........................................................ 191
Chapter XVIII: Of Tyranny ........................................................... 192
Chapter XIX: Of the Dissolution of Government .......................... 197
Notes .............................................................................................. 214
The Preface
Reader.
Thou hast here the beginning and end of a discourse concerning govern-
ment; what fate has otherwise disposed of the papers that should have
filled up the middle, and were more than all the rest, it is not worth while
to tell thee. These which remain I hope are sufficient to establish the
throne of our great restorer, our present king William; to make good his
title in else consent of the people; which being the only one of all lawful
governments, he has more fully and clearly than any prince in
Christendom; and to justify to the world the people of England, whose
love of their just and natural rights? with their resolution to preserve
them, saved the nation when it war on the very brink of slavery and ruin.
If these papers have that evidence I flatter myself is to be found in them,
there will be no great miss of those which are lost, and my reader may
be satisfied without them. For I imagine I shall have neither the time nor
inclination to repeat my pains, and fill up the wanting part of my an-
swer, by tracing sir Robert again through all the windings and obscuri-
ties which are to be met with in the several branches of his wonderful
system. The king, and body of the nation, have since so thoroughly
confuted his hypothesis, that I suppose nobody hereafter will have ei-
ther the confidence to appear against our common safety, and be again
an advocate for slavery; or the weakness to be deceived with contradic-
tions dressed up in a popular style and well turned periods. For if any
one will be at the pains himself, in those parts which are here untouched,
to strip sir Robert’s discourses of the flourish of doubtful expressions,
and endeavour to reduce his words to direct, positive, intelligible propo-
sitions, and then compare them one with another, he will quickly be
satisfied there was never so much glib nonsense put together in well

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