Handbook_for_Nonviolent_Campaigns.pdf

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HANDBOOK FOR NONVIOLENT
CAMPAIGNS
PUBLISHED BY WAR RESISTERS’ INTERNATIONAL
FEBRUARY 2009
ISBN 978-0-903517-21-8
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under
Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales.
See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/)
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About
CREDITS
The process of writing this Handbook was a collective effort, with different
layers of involvement. An international editorial committee did most of the
editorial work. The articles were worked out on the WRI Wiki
(http://wri-irg.org/wiki/index.php/Nonviolence_Handbook); the contents in
the Wiki will continue to be updated.
Coordination
Howard Clark
Javier Gárate
Joanne Sheehan
Editorial Committee
Howard Clark
Javier Gárate
Joanne Sheehan
Dorie Wilsnack
Copyediting
Shannon McManimon
Layout
Graphics
Boro Kitanoski
Contributors
Eric Bachman, Roberta Bacic, Jungmin Choi, Ruben Dario Santamaria, Ippy,
Hilal Demir, Ruth Hiller, Jørgen Johansen, Brian Martin, Martin Smedjeback,
Andreas Speck, Majken Sorensen, Roel Stynen, Ferda Ülker, Stellan Vinthagen
Reviewers
Thank you to the following reviewers who helped in the process of producing
the Handbook:
Hans Lammerant, Tali Lerner, Vicki Rover, Chesterfield Samba, Christine
Schweitzer, Vivien Sharples, Jill Sternberg,
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About
CONTENTS
1 ABOUT THIS HANDBOOK
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2 INTRODUCTION TO NONVIOLENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
What is Nonviolence and Why Use it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Nonviolence Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
You and Your Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Historical Uses of Nonviolence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Case Study: Nonviolence Training in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement . . . . . .21
Case Study: Otpor: People's Power in Serbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
3 GENDER AND NONVIOLENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
What is Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Why Should Peace Movements Deal with Issues of Gender Violence? . . . . . .25
An Example of Linking Peace and Gender Issues: New Profile in Israel . . . .26
4 TASKS AND TOOLS FOR ORGANISING AND FACILITATING TRAININGS . . . .27
Working Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Check-List for Organising a Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Check-List for Facilitating a Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
5 NONVIOLENT CAMPAIGNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
What Makes a Campaign Nonviolent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Planning Nonviolent Campaigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Constructive Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
The Movement Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Forms of Nonviolent Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Stages of Escalation for a Nonviolent Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
The Role of Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Campaign Case Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
6 ORGANISING FOR EFFECTIVE NONVIOLENT ACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Sending the Protest Message - Making an Action Effective . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Coping with the Stress and Strain of Taking a Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Humour and Nonviolent Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Working in Groups - Affinity Groups; Group Process; Decision Making . . . . .71
Check-List for Planning an Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Roles In, Before and After an Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Legal Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
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About
Jail Support: MOC Spain Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Action Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
7 STORIES AND STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Action and Solidarity Campaign with South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
Seabrook-Wyhl-Marckolsheim: Transnational Links in a Chain of Campaigns .96
International Antimilitarist Marches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Chile: Gandhi's Insights Gave People Courage to Defy Chile's Dictatorship . .99
Israel: New Profile Learns from the Experience of Others . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Turkey: Building a Nonviolent Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Turkey: The applications of Augusto Boal's “Theatre of Oppressed” . . . . . .108
Challenges and Successes of Working in Nonviolence in South Korea . . . . .110
Peace Community of San José de Apartadó, Colombia: A Lesson of Resistance,
Dignity and Courage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Bombspotting: Toward an European Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
8 EXERCISES FOR WORKING IN NONVIOLENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Intellectual Property Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Hassle Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Brainstorming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Speak Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122-122
A Gender Dialogue for Peacebuilders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
10/10 Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
The Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126-127
The Pillars of Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Consequences of Fear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Spectrum of Allies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130-131
Tree and Wind Trust Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
Decision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
Role Playing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134-135
Cross Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
Forum Theatre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
Tools for Grounding, Protecting and Blockading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138-139
Spectrum/Barometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
9 DO IT YOURSELF: CREATING A HANDBOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
10 GLOSSARY OF TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143-146
11 RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147-151
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