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MODERN
AMERICAN
LITERATURE
MODERN
AMERICAN
LITERATURE
Volume I • A–G
Fifth Edition
S
T.
J
AMES
P
RESS
A N
I M P R I N T
O F
G A L E
DETROIT • LONDON
Joann Cerrito and Laurie DiMauro,
Editors
Laura Standley Berger, Dave Collins, Nicolet V. Elert,
Miranda Ferrara, Kristin Hart, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Michael J. Tyrkus
St. James Press Staff
Peter M. Gareffa,
Managing Editor, St. James Press
Mary Beth Trimper,
Production Director
Deborah Milliken,
Production Assistant
Cynthia Baldwin,
Product Design Manager
Eric Johnson,
Art Director
Victoria B. Cariappa,
Research Manager
Michele P. LaMeau,
Research Specialist
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, St. James Press does
not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St. James Press accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion of any
organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher.
Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret,
unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual
material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and
classification of the information.
All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 1999
St. James Press
27500 Drake Road
Farmington Hills, MI 48331
All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form.
Modern American Literature.—5th ed.
p.
cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Contents: v. 1. A-G — v. 2. H-O — v. 3. P-Z
ISBN 1-55862-379-5 (set). — ISBN 1-55862-380-9 (v. 1). —
ISBN 1-55862-381-7 (v. 2). — ISBN 1-55862-382-5 (v. 3).
1. American literature—20th century—History and criticism.
PS221.M53
1998
810.9′005—dc21
98-38952
CIP
Printed in the United States of America
St. James Press is an imprint of Gale
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
FOREWORD TO THE FIFTH EDITION
This new edition of
Modern American Literature
represents a significant advancement in the series. These
volumes collate all entries from the original three volumes of the fourth edition, published in 1960, with
entries from the three supplements published in 1976, 1985, and 1997, so that all excerpts on a given author
now appear in one place. Seventy new entries have been added, bringing the total number of authors
discussed to 489, and bibliographies for all authors have been updated. In addition, the format has been
simplified. Citations for journal articles now include the full source title, eliminating the need for the
abbreviation key used in previous editions, and bibliographies now immediately follow author entries,
rather than appearing in a separate section at the back of the book.
The compilers of this edition have built upon the notable efforts of previous editors, each of whom
made significant contributions and additions. As in the past, entrants in the series, as well as the sources
chosen for excerpting, have been carefully selected to provide broad and instructive overviews of the most
significant authors of the modern period in American literature. New authors for this edition have been
selected not only on the basis of their prominence but also on their presence in the contemporary
curriculum. The richly diverse nature of American letters is reflected in the wide variety of genres
represented, from the humorous contemporary tales of Andrei Codrescu to the contemplative nature
essays of Annie Dillard to the literary and philosophical speculations of George Steiner. In addition, a
concerted effort was made to broaden the cultural scope of the series by presenting discussion of the works
of black, Hispanic, and Native American authors, including a number from earlier in this century whose
works have until recently been undervalued or ignored, figures such as William Stanley Braithwaite, Paul
Lawrence Dunbar, and Alain Locke. As in previous editions, every effort has been made to cull from brief
reviews as well as lengthy critical evaluations, and from a wide variety of critical perspectives, showing
wherever possible the evolution of an author’s reputation and stature.
The function of this work continues to be the illumination of the works of American authors through the
presentation of significant analyses. With its greater focus on multicultural authors and its streamlined
format, this new edition will be even more useful to students and other researchers seeking critical
perspectives on the most significant American writers of the twentieth century.
The editors would like to thank the many individuals and publishers who have generously granted
permission to reprint their materials here.
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