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Probably
the
most famous
motivation
theory
was
developed by
Abraham
Maslow. Maslow's hierarchy
of
needs
theory
proposes that people are
motivated by
multiple
needs and that these needs exist in
a
hierarchical
order,
as
shown in the diagram below.
Maslow
named five general
types of
motivating
needs in order
of
importance:
Physiological
needs.
These most basic human
physical
needs
include
food,
water, and oxygen.
In the
organizational
setting, they are
reflected
in the
needs for enough heat,
air,
and
basic salary
to
make
certain
of
survival.
Safety
needs.
These
needs
include
a safe
and secure
physical
and
emotional
environment
and freedom from threats
-
that
is, for
freedom from
violence
and for an
orderly
society.
In
an
organizational workplace,
safety needs
reflect
the needs for
safe
jobs, extra benefits,
and
job
security.
Belongingness
needs.These needs
reflect
the deslre
to
be accepted by one's
peers, have friendships,
be
part
ofa
group, and
be
loved.
In
the
organization,
According
to
Maslow's
theory,
low-order
needs take
priority
-
they must be satisfied before
high-order
needs can be started.
The needs are
satisfied
in order:
Physiological
needs come before
safety needs, safety needs before
social
needs, and
so on.
A person
desiring physical
safety
will
put
his
or
her efforts into getting
a
safer
environment
and
will
not be
concerned with
esteem needs
or
self-actualization
needs.
Once
a
need is satisfied, it decreases in
importance
and
the
next
higher
need is started.
c
F}
these needs
influence
the desire for good
reiationships with
co-workers,
taking
part in
a
work group, and
a
good
relationship with
managers.
Esteem
needs.These needs relate
to
the desire for
a
good self-image and
H
A
study
of
employees in the
to
receive
attention and
recognition,
and
be
valued by others.
Within
organizations,
esteem needs
reflect
a
motivation
for
recognition,
an
increase
in
responsibility,
high status, and
for
your work
to be
valued.
Self-actualization
needs.
These
include
the need for
self-fulfillment, which
is
the
highest need.
They concern developing
one's
potential, increasing
one's
ability, and
becoming
a
better person.
Self-actualization
needs can
be
met
in the
organization
by
providing
people
with
the
opportunities
to
grow, be
creative, and
get
training
for
challenging
tasks and advancement.
the good
pay,
benefits, and
job
security.
Thus, employees'
manufacturing department of
a big
health-care company
in
the
United Kingdom provides
some support for
Maslow's
theory.
Most
line
workers
said that they
worked
at
the
company mainly
because
of
o)
o
=
-.
o
=
=r.
lower-level physiological
and safety needs were being
met.
When
questioned about
their
motivation, employees
talked
about the
importance
of
positive social relatlonships
with
both peers and
supervisors
(belongingness needs) and
a
desire
for
greater
respect
and
recognition
from
management
(esteem needs).
Source:
R.
L.
Daft, New
Era
of
Management,
Cengage,
Mason
Ohio,
2009,
pp507-508
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_
hierarchy
(Line'2): a
sy'stem
iń
which things
are
organized
into
levets of
importance
'
l:slow's Hierarchy
of
Needs
r

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