Cybele Attis and Related Cults - Essays in Memory of MJ Vermaseren ed by Eugene N Lane (1996).pdf

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Cybele, Attis & Related Cults
Essays in Memory o f
M.J. Vermaseren
Edited by
Eugene N. Lane
E.J.B R I L L
This series Religions in the Graeco-Roman World presents a forum for studies in the social and cultural
Junction of religions in the Greek and the Roman world, dealing with pagan religions both in their own
right and in their interaction with and influence on Christianity and Judaism during a lengthy period of
fundamental change. Special attention will be gwen to the religious history of regions and cities which
illustrate the practical workings of these processes.
Enquiries regarding the submission of works for publication tn the series may be directed to Professor
H J. W. Dnjvers, Faculty of Letters, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands.
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the
Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library
Resources.
L ib ra ry o f C o n g r e s s C ata lo g in g -in -P u b lic a tio n D a ta
Cybele, Attis and related cults : essays in memory of M J. Vermaseren
/ edited by Eugene N. Lane.
p.
cm. — (Religions in the Graeco-Roman world ; v. 131)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 9004101969 (alk. paper)
1. Cybele (Goddess)—Cult. 2. Attis (God)—Cult. 3. Rome-
-Religion. 4. Vermaseren, M.J. (Maarten Jozef) I. Vermaseren, M.
J. (Maarten Jozef) II. Lane, Eugene, 1936-
III. Series.
BL820.C8C83
1996
292.2*114—dc20
95-50321
CIP
Die D eutsche Bibliothek - C IP -E inheitsaufnahm e
C y b e le , A t t i s a n d r e la t e d c u l t s :
essays in m e m o ry o f M .J.
Vermaseren / ed. by Eugene N. Lane. - Leiden ; New York ;
Köln : Brill, 1996
(Religions in the G raeco-R om an world ; Vol. 131)
ISBN 90-04-1 0 1 9 6 -9
NE: Lane, Eugene, N. [Hrsg.]; G T
ISSN 0927-7633
ISBN 90 04 10196 9
©
Copyright 1996 by E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored m
a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
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Fees are subject to change.
PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
Copyrighted material
CO N TEN TS
E
u g e n e
L
a n e
Introduction .........................................................................................
R
o se
L
o u
B
en g isu
vii
Lydian Mount Karios ........................................................................
A.T.
F
ea r
Cybele and Christ ..............................................................................
G
iu l ia
1
37
S
fa m en i
G
a s p a r r o
Per la storia del culto di Cibele in Occidente:
il santuario rupestre di Akrai ..........................................................
I '
a m a r a
G
r e e n
51
T he Presence of the Goddess in Harran
....................................
87
P
a t r ic ia
A.
J
o h n st o n
Cybele and Her Companions on the Northern Littoral
of the Black Sea ................................................................................. 101
E
u g e n e
N.
L
a n e
T he Name of Cybele’s Priests the “Galloi” ................................ 117
E
l p is
M
e t r o p o u l o u
The Goddess Cybele in Funerary Banquets
and with an Equestrian Hero ......................................................... 135
F
r i e d e r i k e
N
a i t m a n n
- S
tkc
:
k n k r
Privater Dank - Silbervotive aus Nordafrika .............................. 167
P
a n a y o t is
P
a c h is
“Γαλλαΐο�½ Κυβέλης όλόλυγμα”
(Anthol.Palat.VI,
173)
L’élément orgiastique dans le culte de Cybele ............................ 193
M
ary
J
ane
R
e in
Phrygian Matar: Emergence of an Iconographie Type ............ 223
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vi
N
o e l
R
ob er tso n
CONTENTS
The Ancient M other of the Gods
A Missing Chapter in the History of Greek Religion .............. 239
L
ynn
R
o ller
Reflections of the M other of the Gods in Attic Tragedy ........ 305
J
am es
O.
S
m ith
The High Priests of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus ......... 323
K
ir k
S
u m m ers
Lucretius1 Roman Cybelc ................................................................. 337
A.
T
a k a c s
Magna Deum M ater Idaea,Cybele,
S
arolta
R
o bert
T
urcan
and Catullus’
Attis
............ 367
Attis Platonicus .................................................................................... 387
J.F.
U
b i
S
a
Magna Mater, Cybele and Attis
inRoman Spain ...................... 405
Index..... .............................. .... ..................................................... 435
Copyrighted material
INTRODUCTION
Eugene Lane
It gives me great pleasure to present to students of ancient religion
this volume of essays on Cybele, Attis, and related cults, in memory
of Maarten J. Vermaseren.
As we are all aware, the last scholarly undertaking of the late mas­
ter was his massive collection of evidence for the cult of the Mother
of the Gods and her consort throughout the Mediterranean world,
Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque (CCCA).
He never lived to see conclusions
based on his gathering of evidence, although he had in a way antici­
pated this in his book,
Cybele and Attis,
published in 1977 just as the
CCCA
series was beginning. The present volume endeavors in some
way to rectify this situation. But it also gives scholars the opportu­
nity to pursue new avenues of thought concerning this multifarious
divinity. It is becoming increasingly evident, that, so far from being
a monolithic, unchanging “Oriental” or “Anatolian” cult, as it has
frequently been presented, the worship of the Great Mother changed
and developed, absorbing ever new components and characteris­
tics as it moved from East to West, from one civilization to another,
as well as developing diachronically.
There is as a result a remarkable geographical spread among the
topics covered by these articles— the majority of which, significandy,
are by women, who seem more interested in this cult than their
male counterparts. Tam ara Green starts us the farthest east with her
consideration of female divinities in Harran, the fabled city of the
Mood God. Mary Jane Rein brings us squarely into the reputed
homeland of Cybele-worship, Phrygia, but adds a new hypothesis in
s e e in g M ile tu s
as a
c e n te r fo r
the
diffu sio n o f th is cu lt. O n th e o th e r
hand, Rose Lou Bengisu departs somewhat from the narrow focus
on the Mother Goddess to discuss related cults of the Kel Dag near
Sardis, and James O. Smith discusses an aspect of the cult of Artemis
at Ephesus, a cult in many ways similar to that of Cybele. My own
contribution, while retaining the emphasis on Asia Minor, shifts to
Cybele’s priests the Galli, and introduces the possibility of a significant
Celtic contribution to the cult as we later know it. Panayotis Pachis
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