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English Pronunciation in the

Eighteenth Century

Thomas Spence's

Grand Repository of the

English Language

JOAN C. BEAL

CLARENDON PRESS ´ OXFORD

1999

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford

ox2 6dp

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Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press

Published in the United States

by Oxford University Press Inc., New York

Joan Beal 1999

The moral rights of the author have been asserted

First published 1999

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,

without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press.

Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the

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under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, or in the case of

reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of the licences

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sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press,

at the address above

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way

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other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition

including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Data available

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

English pronunciation in the eighteenth century: Thomas Spence's

Grand repository of the English language/Joan C. Beal.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Spence, Thomas, 1750±1814. Grand repository of the English

language. 2. English languageÐ18th centuryÐPronunciation.

3. English languageÐ18th centuryÐLexicography. I. Title.

PE1617.S65B4

1998

423'.1±dc21

98-51328

ISBN 0-19-823781-2

1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2

Typeset by Joshua Associates Ltd., Oxford

Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by

Biddles Ltd., Guildford and King's Lynn

Acknowledgements

I am extremely grateful to Noel Osselton for all his help and encouragement

and in particular for his clear guidance and meticulous attention to detail in

the supervision of the Ph.D. thesis which formed the basis of this book.

Thanks are also due to Tom Cain for his helpfulness in the latter stages of

the thesis and to all my colleagues in the Department of English Literary and

Linguistic Studies, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, for their moral and

practical support. I am indebted to Charles Jones and Bev Collins for their

constructive comments on the Ph.D. thesis, and to Richard W. Bailey and

Gabrielle Stein for their equally helpful comments on the ®rst draft of this

book. It goes without saying that any faults or shortcomings are mine alone.

I wish to acknowledge the assistance that I have received from the sta of the

Robinson Library, especially the Inter-Library Loans section, and the Local

Studies Section of Newcastle City Library. Thanks are also due to the latter

for permission to reproduce the two pages of the

Grand Repository

which

appear as the frontispiece and as ®gure 5.1.

Table 4.1 appears with the permission of Professor John Wells, and the list

of words in Appendix 7a appears with the permission of Anthea Fraser

Gupta (formerly Shields), to whom I am grateful for her helpful comments

in the very late stages of this book's production.

Finally, my thanks and apologies are due to my husband, Ninian, and my

daughters, Madeleine and Alice, for their patience and forbearance.

Contents

Ahashare.com

List of Figures and Tables

Abbreviations

A Note about Bracketing

Thomas Spence: His Life and Works

Eighteenth-Century English: The `Cinderella' of English

Historical Linguistics?

Evidence for Eighteenth-Century Pronunciation: The Value of

Pronouncing Dictionaries

Spence's

Grand Repository of the English Language

The Phonology of Eighteenth-Century English: Evidence from

Spence's

Grand Repository

and Contemporary Pronouncing

Dictionaries

xii

181

6. Conclusion

Appendices

2a.

Sample of output from OCP: all words containing the recoded

character

(= Spence's { } )

Nares's list of words with `open A' spelt

compared with the

same entries in the

Grand Repository

and three other pronouncing

dictionaries

Incidence of `long' and `short' re¯exes of ME /a/ before word-®nal

/r/ in the

Grand Repository

and three other pronouncing

dictionaries

Words with { } in stressed syllables in the

Grand Repository

compared with the same entries in two other pronouncing

dictionaries

Words with { } in unstressed syllables in the

Grand Repository

compared with the same entries in two other pronouncing

dictionaries

187

189

192

193

195

2b.

2c(i).

2c(ii).

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