History Begins at Sumer - Thirty-Nine Firsts in Recorded History by Samuel Noah Kramer.pdf
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History Begins at Sumer
ThirtyNine Firsts in Recorded History
Samuel Noah Kramer
University of Pennsylvania Press
Philadelphia
Page iv
Copyright © 1956 Samuel Noah Kramer
Third revised edition copyright © 1981 University of Pennsylvania Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America on acidfree paper
10 9 8 7 6
Published by
University of Pennsylvania Press
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 191044011
Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data
Kramer, Samuel Noah, 1897–1990
History begins at Sumer.
Originally published under title: From the tablets of Sumer: Indian Hills,
Colo.: Falcon's Wing Press, 1956.
1. Sumerians. I. Title
DS72.K7 1981 935´.01 8151144
AACR2
ISBN 0812212762 (pbk; alkaline paper)
Page v
TO
THE MASTER OF SUMEROLOGICAL METHOD
MY TEACHER AND COLLEAGUE
Arno Poebel
Page vii
Contents
Preface to the First Edition
List of Illustrations
Photographic Sources
Introduction
1 Education: The First Schools
2 Schooldays: The First Case of "ApplePolishing"
3 Father and Son: The First Case of Juvenile Delinquency
4 International Affairs: The First "War of Nerves"
5 Government: The First Bicameral Congress
6 Civil War in Sumer: The First Historian
7 Social Reform: The First Case of Tax Reduction
8 Law Codes: The First "Moses"
9 Justice: The First Legal Precedent
10 Medicine: The First Pharmacopoeia
11 Agriculture: The First "Farmer's Almanac"
12 Horticulture: The First Experiment in ShadeTree Gardening
13 Philosophy: Man's First Cosmogony and Cosmology
14 Ethics: The First Moral Ideals
15 Suffering and Submission: The First "Job"
16 Wisdom: The First Proverbs and Sayings
17 "Aesopica": The First Animal Fables
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Page viii
18 Logomachy: The First Literary Debates
19 Paradise: The First Biblical Parallels
20 A Flood: The First "Noah"
21 Hades: The First Tale of Resurrection
22 Slaying of the Dragon: The First "St. George"
23 Tales of Gilgamesh: The First Case of Literary Borrowing
24 Epic Literature: Man's First Heroic Age
25 To the Royal Bridegroom: The First Love Song
26 Book Lists: The First Library Catalogue
27 World Peace and Harmony: Man's First Golden Age
28 Ancient Counterparts of Modern Woes: The First "Sick" Society
29 Destruction and Deliverance: The First Liturgic Laments
30 The Ideal King: The First Messiahs
31 Shulgi of Ur: The First LongDistance Champion
32 Poetry: The First Literary Imagery
33 The Sacred Marriage Rite: The First Sex Symbolism
34 Weeping Goddesses: The First Mater Dolorosa
35 Ua aua: The First Lullaby
36 The Ideal Mother: Her First Literary Portrait
37 Three Funeral Chants: The First Elegies
38 The Pickaxe and the Plow: Labor's First Victory
39 Home of the Fish: The First Aquarium
Corrigenda and Addenda to the Second Edition
Glossary
Appendix A: A Curse and a Map: New Gleanings from the Tablets of Sumer
Appendix B: The Origin of the Cuneiform System of Writing: Comments on the
Illustrations
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